Lower-extremity ground reaction forces in collegiate baseball pitchers

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research
John A Guido, S L Werner

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate ground reaction forces (GRF) in collegiate baseball pitchers and their relationship to pitching mechanics. Fourteen healthy collegiate baseball pitchers participated in this study. High-speed video and force plate data were collected for fastballs from each pitcher. The average ball speed was 35 ± 3 m/sec (78 ± 7 mph). Peak GRFs of 245 ± 20% body weight (BW) were generated in an anterior or braking direction to control descent. Horizontal GRFs tended to occur in a laterally directed fashion, reaching a peak of 45 ± 63% BW. The maximum vertical GRF averaged 202 ± 43% BW approximately 45 milliseconds after stride foot contact. A correlation between braking force and ball velocity was evident. Because of the downward inclination and rotation of the pitching motion, in addition to volume, shear forces may occur in the musculoskeletal tissues of the stride limb leading to many of the lower-extremity injuries seen in this athletic population.

References

Dec 16, 2006·Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery·Sherry L WernerDeryk G Jones
Aug 14, 2009·Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research·John A GuidoKeith Meister

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Citations

Mar 10, 2016·Arthroscopy : the Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery : Official Publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association·Brandon J EricksonAnthony A Romeo
Apr 7, 2015·Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery·Terrance SgroiAnthony A Romeo
May 15, 2015·Arthroscopy : the Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery : Official Publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association·J W Thomas Byrd, Kay S Jones
May 9, 2015·Arthroscopy : the Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery : Official Publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association·Peter N ChalmersAnthony A Romeo
May 3, 2016·Arthroscopy : the Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery : Official Publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association·Andrew J RiffAnthony A Romeo
May 10, 2017·Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research·Sakiko Oyama, Joseph B Myers
Oct 10, 2018·Journal of Sport Rehabilitation·Osamu YanagisawaHidenori Taniguchi
Dec 12, 2019·Journal of Bone and Mineral Research : the Official Journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research·Stuart J WardenRobyn K Fuchs
Feb 6, 2017·The American Journal of Sports Medicine·Stacey M KungHoward J Hillstrom
Sep 25, 2015·Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research·Michael P McNallyAjit M W Chaudhari
Jul 1, 2020·Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research·Brandon L Stone, Brian K Schilling

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