Luminal fluid tonicity regulates airway ciliary beating by altering membrane stretch and intracellular calcium

Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton
György Horváth, Eric J Sorscher

Abstract

The coordinated, directional beating of airway cilia drives airway mucociliary clearance. Here we explore the hypothesis that airway surface liquid osmolarity is a key regulator of ciliary beating. Cilia in freshly isolated human and murine airways visualized with streaming video-microscopy exhibited a reciprocal dependence on a physiological range of luminal fluid osmolarities, across the entire range of ciliary activity (0-20 beats per sec). Increasing osmolarity slowed or completely abrogated, while lower osmolarity dramatically stimulated ciliary beating. In parallel, epithelial cell height and importantly, intracellular calcium levels (as judged by fluorescence imaging) also changed. Moreover, ciliary beating was stimulated by isosmotic solutions containing membrane permeant osmolytes, suggesting that cell size and membrane stretch (governed by apical fluid tonicity), rather than osmolarity itself, contribute to the activation. These findings shed light on the pathophysiology of diseases of mucociliary clearance such as cystic fibrosis and other chronic inflammatory lung diseases.

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Citations

Jul 25, 2009·Science·Alok S ShahMichael J Welsh
Dec 1, 2014·Bioscience·Hiroaki Ishikawa, Wallace F Marshall
Apr 8, 2014·American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine·Katrine L WhitesonPaul B Rainey
Nov 16, 2016·Cells·Asma Yaghi, Myrna B Dolovich
Dec 20, 2020·Journal of Internal Medicine·J Sainz de AjaC F Kim
Dec 15, 2020·Journal of Oral Microbiology·Zhenting XiangAurea Simon-Soro

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