Lung cancer screening: advantages, controversies, and applications

Cancer Control : Journal of the Moffitt Cancer Center
Prema NanavatyW Michael Alberts

Abstract

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the United States. Results from the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) have shown that low-dose computed tomography (CT) is capable of detecting lung neoplasms in individuals at high risk. However, whether it is advantageous to perform lung cancer screening on these patients is a significant concern, as are the potential adverse outcomes from screening. A review of several randomized clinical trials, focusing on the NLST, was undertaken. Adverse outcomes and costs related to lung cancer screening were also examined. Lung cancer screening using low-dose CT in high-risk individuals reduced lung cancer deaths by more than 20% when compared with those screened by chest radiography. False-positive results were seen in both groups, but the number of adverse events from the screening test and subsequent diagnostic procedures was low. Lung cancer screening is controversial, but the NLST has demonstrated that such testing may reduce lung cancer deaths in high-risk individuals when performed with low-dose CT rather than chest radiography. Guidelines should be established to not only help identify an appropriate screening population, but also develop standards for radiological testing.

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Citations

Nov 30, 2018·Thoracic Cancer·Maomao Cao, Wanqing Chen
Jan 31, 2019·Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine·Aman CoonarJason Ali
Apr 5, 2019·Oncology Letters·Lin Jin, Yanhong Zhou
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