Machine learning applications in prostate cancer magnetic resonance imaging

European Radiology Experimental
Renato CuocoloMassimo Imbriaco

Abstract

With this review, we aimed to provide a synopsis of recently proposed applications of machine learning (ML) in radiology focusing on prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). After defining the difference between ML and classical rule-based algorithms and the distinction among supervised, unsupervised and reinforcement learning, we explain the characteristic of deep learning (DL), a particular new type of ML, including its structure mimicking human neural networks and its 'black box' nature. Differences in the pipeline for applying ML and DL to prostate MRI are highlighted. The following potential clinical applications in different settings are outlined, many of them based only on MRI-unenhanced sequences: gland segmentation; assessment of lesion aggressiveness to distinguish between clinically significant and indolent cancers, allowing for active surveillance; cancer detection/diagnosis and localisation (transition versus peripheral zone, use of prostate imaging reporting and data system (PI-RADS) version 2), reading reproducibility, differentiation of cancers from prostatitis benign hyperplasia; local staging and pre-treatment assessment (detection of extraprostatic disease extension, planning of radiation therapy); and pred...Continue Reading

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Citations

Dec 6, 2019·Der Radiologe·Charlie Alexander HammTobias Penzkofer
Aug 31, 2020·Journal of Medical Systems·Gonçalo Almeida, João Manuel R S Tavares
Mar 27, 2020·Abdominal Radiology·Hailey H ChoiMarc D Kohli
Sep 18, 2020·BMC Bioinformatics·Alessandro StefanoGiorgio Russo
Feb 27, 2021·Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging : JMRI·Renato CuocoloMassimo Imbriaco
Mar 9, 2021·Applied Sciences·Albert ComelliAnthony Yezzi
Mar 18, 2021·Magnetic Resonance Imaging·Arnaldo StanzioneSimone Maurea
Apr 2, 2021·Journal of Medical Internet Research·Rossana CastaldoMonica Franzese
Jun 13, 2020·European Journal of Radiology·Arnaldo StanzioneMassimo Imbriaco
May 25, 2021·Urologic Oncology·Andrew BrodieNikhil Vasdev
Nov 1, 2020·Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official Publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine·Dejan KostyszynConstantinos Zamboglou

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
imaging technique
biopsies
Feature extraction
biopsy

Software Mentioned

PI
RADSv2

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