Macrophages Shed Excess Cholesterol in Unique Extracellular Structures Containing Cholesterol Microdomains

Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology
Xueting JinHoward S Kruth

Abstract

Cells use various mechanisms to maintain cellular cholesterol homeostasis including efflux of cholesterol from the cellular plasma membrane to cholesterol acceptors such as HDLs (high-density lipoproteins). Little is known about the transfer of cholesterol from cells into the extracellular matrix. Using a unique monoclonal antibody that detects ordered cholesterol arrays (ie, cholesterol micro[or nano]-domains), we previously identified that particles containing these cholesterol domains accumulate in the extracellular matrix during cholesterol enrichment of human monocyte-derived macrophages and are found in atherosclerotic lesions. In this study, we further investigate these deposited particles containing cholesterol microdomains and discover their unexpected morphology. Although appearing spherical at the resolution of the conventional fluorescence microscope, super-resolution immunofluorescence and atomic force microscopy of in situ cholesterol microdomains, and immunoelectron microscopy of isolated cholesterol microdomains revealed that the microdomains are not vesicles or 3-dimensional crystals but rather appear as branching irregularly shaped deposits of varying size. These cholesterol microdomain-containing deposits are...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jan 24, 2019·Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology·Emiel P C van der Vorst, Christian Weber
Dec 24, 2019·Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology·Hong S LuAlan Daugherty
Jan 23, 2020·Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology·Garrett FairmanMireille Ouimet
Aug 6, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Veronica D DahikWilfried Le Goff
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Mar 7, 2020·Journal of Cell Science·Lai WenKlaus Ley
Nov 25, 2020·Current Atherosclerosis Reports·Xueting QiuLonghou Fang

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
Fluorescence
Scanning Electron Microscopy
fluorescence imaging
fluorescence microscopy
density gradient centrifugation
atomic force microscopy
AFM
conventional
electron microscopy

Software Mentioned

Zeiss Shuttle and Find
Origin
ImageJ
Matlab

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