Magnesium enhances the chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells by inhibiting activated macrophage-induced inflammation

Scientific Reports
Tu HuZhiquan An

Abstract

Magnesium deficiency increases the generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which is consistently accompanied by the sensitization of cells such as neutrophils, macrophages and endothelial cells. We investigated the potential of magnesium to regulate macrophage polarization and macrophage-induced inflammation with or without lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) activation and further elucidated whether these effects impact the inhibitory functions of activated macrophage-induced inflammation on cartilage regeneration. The results showed that magnesium inhibited the activation of macrophages, as indicated by a significant reduction in the percentage of CCR7-positive cells, while the percentage of CD206-positive cells decreased to a lesser degree. After activation, both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines were down-regulated at the mRNA level and certain cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10) were decreased in the cell supernatant with the addition of magnesium. Moreover, magnesium decreased the nuclear translocation and phosphorylation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) to impede its activation. A modified micromass culture system was applied to assess the effects of activated macrophage-conditioned medium with o...Continue Reading

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Citations

Aug 16, 2019·Advanced Materials·Vivian Rachel FeigZhenan Bao
Nov 6, 2020·Chemistry : a European Journal·Jéssica S BarbosaFilipe A Almeida Paz
Oct 1, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Fabiana da Silva Lima, Ricardo Ambrósio Fock
Dec 1, 2020·Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology·Xige ZhaoQiang Yang
May 27, 2021·Experimental Biology and Medicine·Deboleena KanjilalJ Patrick O'Connor
Oct 14, 2019·ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering·Hong WuQianli Huang
Aug 28, 2021·Cells·Christian KaltschmidtBarbara Kaltschmidt

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
nuclear translocation
Flow
flow cytometry
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
ELISA
Nuclear
fluorescence microscopy
ELISAs
PCR
protein assay

Software Mentioned

ImageJ
Statistical Package for Social Sciences

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