Magnesium: Pathophysiological mechanisms and potential therapeutic roles in intracerebral hemorrhage

Neural Regeneration Research
Jason J ChangAdam S Arthur

Abstract

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) remains the second-most common form of stroke with high morbidity and mortality. ICH can be divided into two pathophysiological stages: an acute primary phase, including hematoma volume expansion, and a subacute secondary phase consisting of blood-brain barrier disruption and perihematomal edema expansion. To date, all major trials for ICH have targeted the primary phase with therapies designed to reduce hematoma expansion through blood pressure control, surgical evacuation, and hemostasis. However, none of these trials has resulted in improved clinical outcomes. Magnesium is a ubiquitous element that also plays roles in vasodilation, hemostasis, and blood-brain barrier preservation. Animal models have highlighted potential therapeutic roles for magnesium in neurological diseases specifically targeting these pathophysiological mechanisms. Retrospective studies have also demonstrated inverse associations between admission magnesium levels and hematoma volume, hematoma expansion, and clinical outcome in patients with ICH. These associations, coupled with the multifactorial role of magnesium that targets both primary and secondary phases of ICH, suggest that magnesium may be a viable target of study ...Continue Reading

References

May 1, 1989·Acta Neurologica Scandinavica·E KapakiC Papageorgiou
Jan 1, 1988·Annual Review of Physiology·S J Quinn, G H Williams
Jun 16, 1995·The Journal of Biological Chemistry·F SekiyaT Morita
Jul 1, 1993·Stroke; a Journal of Cerebral Circulation·J P BroderickG Huster
Aug 1, 1996·Stroke; a Journal of Cerebral Circulation·R U KothariJ Khoury
Jan 1, 1997·Stroke; a Journal of Cerebral Circulation·T BrottJ Khoury
Apr 3, 2001·Stroke; a Journal of Cerebral Circulation·J C HemphillS C Johnston
May 8, 2002·Blood Coagulation & Fibrinolysis : an International Journal in Haemostasis and Thrombosis·A M H P van den Besselaar
Sep 28, 2002·Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry·Sajal ChakrabortiSamarendranath Ghosh
Feb 14, 2004·Lancet·K W MuirUNKNOWN Intravenous Magnesium Efficacy in Stroke (IMAGES) Study Investigators
Oct 18, 2005·Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry·R FogelholmS Avikainen
Apr 26, 2006·Neurology·S M DavisUNKNOWN Recombinant Activated Factor VII Intracerebral Hemorrhage Trial Investigators
May 16, 2008·The New England Journal of Medicine·Stephan A MayerUNKNOWN FAST Trial Investigators
Jul 28, 2012·Journal of Critical Care·Neeraj Sunderrajan NavalRafael J Tamargo
Dec 15, 2012·Circulation·Alan S GoUNKNOWN American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee
Apr 27, 2013·Experimental & Translational Stroke Medicine·Thomas WestermaierRalf-Ingo Ernestus
May 30, 2013·The New England Journal of Medicine·Craig S AndersonUNKNOWN INTERACT2 Investigators
May 2, 2014·Frontiers in Neurology·Jason J ChangNerses Sanossian
Oct 13, 2014·Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases : the Official Journal of National Stroke Association·Jason J ChangAndrei V Alexandrov
Jan 28, 2015·Nature Reviews. Neurology·Sebastian UrdayKevin N Sheth
Feb 5, 2015·The New England Journal of Medicine·Jeffrey L SaverUNKNOWN FAST-MAG Investigators and Coordinators
Sep 6, 2015·World Neurosurgery·Réza BehrouzChad M Miller
Dec 30, 2015·Neuroscience Research·Takahiro MurataRalph G Dacey
Jun 9, 2016·The New England Journal of Medicine·Adnan I QureshiUNKNOWN ATACH-2 Trial Investigators and the Neurological Emergency Treatment Trials Network
Jan 27, 2017·Circulation·Emelia J BenjaminUNKNOWN American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee
Jul 28, 2017·Neurology·Eric M LiottaMatthew B Maas
Sep 21, 2017·European Journal of Neurology : the Official Journal of the European Federation of Neurological Societies·J J ChangT Pourmotabbed

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Jan 22, 2020·Neural Regeneration Research·Xi LuZhi-Yi He

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Software Mentioned

FAST
IMAGES
MAG

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.