Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Histopathological Visualization of Human Dural Lymphatic Vessels

Bio-protocol
Seung-Kwon HaDaniel S Reich

Abstract

In this protocol, we describe a method to visualize and map dural lymphatic vessels in-vivo using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ex-vivo using histopathological techniques. While MRI protocols for routine imaging of meningeal lymphatics include contrast-enhanced T2-FLAIR and T1- weighted black-blood imaging, a more specific 3D mapping of the lymphatic system can be obtained by administering two distinct gadolinium-based MRI contrast agents on different days (gadofosveset and gadobutrol) and subsequently processing images acquired before and after administration of each type of contrast. In addition, we introduce methods for optimal immunostaining of lymphatic and blood vessel markers in human dura mater ex-vivo.

References

Sep 4, 2008·The Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry : Official Journal of the Histochemistry Society·Hanspeter E KillerPeter Meyer
Jun 17, 2015·The Journal of Experimental Medicine·Aleksanteri AspelundKari Alitalo

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Citations

Dec 5, 2019·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Marta RibaJordi Vilaplana
Jun 19, 2019·Neurosurgical Review·Ryota TamuraMasahiro Toda
Feb 26, 2020·Nature Reviews. Neurology·Joanna M WardlawUNKNOWN colleagues from the Fondation Leducq Transatlantic Network of Excellence on the Role of the Perivascular Space in Cerebral S

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
fluorescence microscopy

Software Mentioned

OsiriX
dcm2nii script
MIPAV Calculator Subtract
Zeiss Zen Blue

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