MAIT-cells: A tailor-made mate in the ancient battle against infectious diseases?

Immunology Letters
Marcela de Lima MoreiraJordana Grazziela Coelho-Dos-Reis

Abstract

It has been almost two decades since the discovery of mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT)-cells. Several advances in the field have been made such as the discovery of the antimicrobial activity of MAIT-cells, the abundance of these cells in human mucosa and in liver and the discovery of ligands able to bind MR1 and activate MAIT-cells. MAIT-cells are a unique subset of innate-like T-cells that express a canonical T-cell receptor with the alpha chain containing hAV7S2 and AJ33 in humans (TCRVα7.2Jα33) and respond to bacterial/fungus vitamin B2 metabolites by an MR1-dependent pathway. Indirect activation is also observed during chronic viral infections by and IL-12/IL-18 pathway. In this review, the mechanisms of activation, the timeline of MAIT-cell development in humans as well as their role in human infection are discussed. On the whole, we believe that harnessing the anti-microbial ability of MAIT-cells could contribute for the design of potent immunotherapies and vaccines against "hard-to-kill" infectious agents that remain as public health threats worldwide.

Citations

Nov 7, 2017·International Reviews of Immunology·Vijay Kumar, Ali Ahmad
Feb 2, 2018·Clinical Microbiology Reviews·Fabián E DíazAlexis M Kalergis
Jun 18, 2019·FEBS Letters·A Michael DowneyPeter H Seeberger
Nov 10, 2017·Neurotherapeutics : the Journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics·M C BuscarinuG Ristori
Nov 10, 2018·Frontiers in Microbiology·Isabel BernalLothar Jänsch
Jun 27, 2018·Frontiers in Immunology·Asako ChibaSachiko Miyake

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