Major advances in nutrition: relevance to the sustainability of the dairy industry

Journal of Dairy Science
M J Vandehaar, N R St-Pierre

Abstract

The typical cow has a maintenance requirement of about 10 Mcal of net energy for lactation (NEL) per day. Each kilogram of milk takes an additional 0.7 Mcal of NEL. Thus, the cow producing 45 kg of milk per day needs 4 times as much total energy as she needs for her maintenance requirement alone. The elite cow producing 90 kg/d needs 7 times as much total energy as she needs for maintenance alone. Consequently, the efficiency of using feed energy is much greater for the elite cow than it was for the cow of 100 yr ago consuming a diet of mostly forage. With increased productivity has come the need for fewer cows to produce milk on a per capita basis and increases in net income per cow. However, compared with energetic efficiency, the efficiency of using feed protein to make milk protein has not increased as dramatically, partly because cows are often fed protein in excess. This nitrogen waste is an environmental concern; N losses in manure contribute to water pollution and ammonia emissions from dairy farms. However, the complexities of protein nutrition and limitations in measuring feed N fractions make accurate specifications for feed protein fractions difficult. The economic risk of underfeeding protein is greater than the ri...Continue Reading

References

Jun 1, 1996·Journal of Animal Science·J W Oltjen, J L Beckett
Mar 11, 1998·Journal of Dairy Science·M J Vandehaar
May 5, 1998·Journal of Dairy Science·W P Weiss
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Citations

Jun 14, 2013·Animal : an International Journal of Animal Bioscience·J DijkstraA Bannink
Jul 2, 2008·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Judith L CapperDale E Bauman
Jan 1, 2013·Annual Review of Animal Biosciences·Judith L Capper, Dale E Bauman
Apr 18, 2016·Journal of Dairy Science·M J VandeHaarR Veerkamp
Dec 12, 2017·Journal of Dairy Science·D P Berry
Nov 21, 2017·Journal of Dairy Science·L H BaumgardD E Bauman
Aug 28, 2017·Journal of Dairy Science·L C HardieD M Spurlock
Apr 19, 2008·Journal of Dairy Science·S R HillM D Hanigan
Jul 9, 2013·Journal of Dairy Science·M A G von KeyserlingkS I Smith
Sep 17, 2013·Journal of Dairy Science·H N PhuongP Schmidely
Dec 16, 2019·Journal of Dairy Science·Alex BachMaria Vidal
Mar 17, 2009·Journal of Animal Science·J L CapperD E Bauman
Jan 1, 2018·Reproduction, Fertility, and Development·Lex Bach
Feb 23, 2008·Journal of Dairy Science·M HollmannM D Hanigan
Mar 5, 2019·Journal of Dairy Science·Y WuV E Cabrera
Jul 21, 2020·Journal of Dairy Science·A GuinguinaP Huhtanen
Apr 22, 2015·Journal of Dairy Science·L E MoraesJ G Fadel
May 6, 2020·PeerJ·Andrew S CookeJennifer A J Dungait
Feb 9, 2020·The Journal of Experimental Biology·Thomas Frederick Bishop, Alison Louise Van Eenennaam
May 10, 2017·Journal of Dairy Science·S B PottsR A Erdman

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