Making sense of the cytokine storm: a conceptual framework for understanding, diagnosing, and treating hemophagocytic syndromes.

Pediatric Clinics of North America
Scott W Canna, Edward M Behrens

Abstract

Cytokine storm syndromes (CSS) are a group of disorders representing a variety of inflammatory causes. The clinical presentations of all CSS can be strikingly similar, creating diagnostic uncertainty. However, clinicians should avoid the temptation to treat all CSS equally, because their inciting inflammatory insults vary widely. Failure to identify and address this underlying trigger results in delayed, inoptimal, or potentially harmful consequences. This review places the hemophagocytic syndromes hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and macrophage activation syndrome within a conceptual model of CSS and provides a logical framework for diagnosis and treatment of CSS of suspected rheumatic origin.

References

Oct 23, 2001·Archives of Disease in Childhood·S SawhneyK J Murray
Jan 4, 2003·Nature Reviews. Immunology·Siamon Gordon
Jun 2, 2006·The Journal of Pediatrics·Tadej AvcinEarl D Silverman
Aug 29, 2006·Pediatric Blood & Cancer·Jan-Inge HenterGritta Janka
Oct 26, 2006·Nature Reviews. Immunology·Ann Marshak-Rothstein
Jan 29, 2008·Inflammation & Allergy Drug Targets·Siquan SunLars Karlsson
Feb 6, 2009·Journal of Pediatric Hematology/oncology·Abha A GuptaSheila Weitzman
Mar 28, 2009·Pediatric Critical Care Medicine : a Journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies·Leticia Castillo, Joseph Carcillo
Jun 18, 2009·Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases·Tomas DoyleKate Cwynarski
Oct 23, 2009·Journal of Autoimmunity·Marie-Laure Santiago-RaberShozo Izui
Mar 17, 2010·The Journal of Rheumatology·Junko Maruyama, Shigeko Inokuma
Jun 12, 2010·Immunological Reviews·Jana Pachlopnik SchmidGeneviève de Saint Basile
Jul 14, 2010·British Journal of Haematology·Rachel D WheelerKimberly C Gilmour
Dec 21, 2010·Journal of Clinical Rheumatology : Practical Reports on Rheumatic & Musculoskeletal Diseases·Normi BruckFrank Pessler
Jan 29, 2011·Clinical and Vaccine Immunology : CVI·Maria F IbarraMaurice R G O'Gorman
Feb 8, 2011·The Journal of Biological Chemistry·Hal M Hoffman, Susannah D Brydges
May 18, 2011·The Journal of Clinical Investigation·Edward M BehrensGary A Koretzky
May 25, 2011·Blood·Jennifer E LykensMichael B Jordan
Jun 1, 2011·The Journal of Experimental Medicine·Erin E ZollerMichael B Jordan

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Apr 7, 2015·Expert Review of Clinical Immunology·Andreas WoernerMichaël Hofer
Jan 1, 2016·International Journal of Legal Medicine·B OndruschkaR Bayer
Feb 20, 2013·Journal of Controlled Release : Official Journal of the Controlled Release Society·Hilary ShmeedaAlberto Gabizon
Jun 2, 2014·Annals of Hematology·Joana Almeida SantosLuís Varandas
Jul 2, 2016·Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology·Janet E Orrock, Norman T Ilowite
Sep 11, 2016·Der Anaesthesist·G LachmannC Spies
Sep 1, 2017·Journal of Pediatric Hematology/oncology·Isabel Martínez-RomeraBlanca López-Ibor
Nov 11, 2016·Archives of Disease in Childhood·Ethan S SenAthimalaipet V Ramanan
Jul 26, 2018·International Journal of Hematology·Zaher K OtrockCharles S Eby
Jun 1, 2019·Scientific Reports·Jinling DongQinghua Meng
Nov 30, 2019·Frontiers in Immunology·Fanni A Boros, László Vécsei
Aug 25, 2020·Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology·Rachael M CristStephan T Stern
Sep 4, 2020·Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics·Patrick O'Connell, Yasser A Aldhamen
May 22, 2018·Case Reports in Oncological Medicine·Ashraf AbugrounGabriel Rodriguez
Feb 19, 2019·Frontiers in Immunology·Courtney B CrayneRandy Q Cron
Mar 23, 2019·Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry·Enping HongMarina A Dobrovolskaia
Oct 24, 2018·Nature Nanotechnology·Janos SzebeniMarina A Dobrovolskaia
Apr 16, 2020·Genes and Immunity·Grant S Schulert, Randy Q Cron
Oct 9, 2020·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·Koby KidderYuan Liu
Dec 18, 2020·Clinical Immunology : the Official Journal of the Clinical Immunology Society·Varvara A RyabkovaYehuda Shoenfeld
Feb 7, 2021·Nature Reviews. Rheumatology·Dennis McGonagleCharlie Bridgewood
Dec 25, 2019·Seminars in Cancer Biology·Ninh M La-BeckAlberto A Gabizon
Mar 8, 2021·Blood Reviews·Anthony P LonghitanoBenjamin W Teh
Jul 31, 2020·Cancer Treatment Reviews·Peter A van DamMarc Peeters

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Blood Clotting Disorders

Thrombophilia includes conditions with increased tendency for excessive blood clotting. Blood clotting occurs when the body has insufficient amounts of specialized proteins that make blood clot and stop bleeding. Here is the latest research on blood clotting disorders.

Cancer Biology: Molecular Imaging

Molecular imaging enables noninvasive imaging of key molecules that are crucial to tumor biology. Discover the latest research in molecular imaging in cancer biology in this feed.

Avian Influenza: Innate Immune Adjuvant

Adjuvants systems that are added to vaccines against avian influenza have be explored to enhance the innate immune system response against the virus. Here is the latest research on avian influenza and the innate immune adjuvant.

Anti-inflammatory Treatments

A drug or substance that reduces inflammation (redness, swelling, and pain) in the body. Anti-inflammatory agents block certain substances in the body that cause inflammation and swelling. Discover the latest research on anti-inflammatory treatments here

Blood Coagulation Signaling Pathways

Coagulation is the process by which a blood clot is formed. This process includes both the formation of a platelet plug as well as a cascade of clotting factors resulting in the formation of fibrin strands. Find the latest research on coagulation signaling pathways here.

Avian Influenza: Innate Immune Adjuvant (ASM)

Adjuvants systems that are added to vaccines against avian influenza have be explored to enhance the innate immune system response against the virus. Here is the latest research on avian influenza and the innate immune adjuvant.

Allergy and Asthma

Allergy and asthma are inflammatory disorders that are triggered by the activation of an allergen-specific regulatory t cell. These t cells become activated when allergens are recognized by allergen-presenting cells. Here is the latest research on allergy and asthma.