Male-to-female gender dysphoria: Gender-specific differences in resting-state networks

Brain and Behavior
Benjamin ClemensUte Habel

Abstract

Recent research found gender-related differences in resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). To the best of our knowledge, there are no studies examining the differences in rs-FC between men, women, and individuals who report a discrepancy between their anatomical sex and their gender identity, i.e. gender dysphoria (GD). To address this important issue, we present the first fMRI study systematically investigating the differences in typical resting-state networks (RSNs) and hormonal treatment effects in 26 male-to-female GD individuals (MtFs) compared with 19 men and 20 women. Differences between male and female control groups were found only in the auditory RSN, whereas differences between both control groups and MtFs were found in the auditory and fronto-parietal RSNs, including both primary sensory areas (e.g. calcarine gyrus) and higher order cognitive areas such as the middle and posterior cingulate and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex. Overall, differences in MtFs compared with men and women were more pronounced before cross-sex hormonal treatment. Interestingly, rs-FC between MtFs and women did not differ significantly after treatment. When comparing hormonally ...Continue Reading

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Citations

May 28, 2019·Brain Imaging and Behavior·Murat Altinay, Amit Anand
Jun 7, 2020·Journal of Clinical Medicine·Alessandra Daphne FisherGioele Gavazzi
Apr 4, 2020·Clinical EEG and Neuroscience·Ana Calzada-ReyesMitchell Valdés-Sosa
Mar 5, 2021·Scientific Reports·Mikhail VotinovUte Habel
May 22, 2020·Cortex; a Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior·Georg S KranzRupert Lanzenberger

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Software Mentioned

MATLAB
MATLAB script
pICA
SPM8
Biological Parametric Mapping ( BPM )
VBM8

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