Malonyl-CoA and carnitine in regulation of fat oxidation in human skeletal muscle during exercise

American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism
Carsten RoepstorffB Kiens

Abstract

Intracellular mechanisms regulating fat oxidation were investigated in human skeletal muscle during exercise. Eight young, healthy, moderately trained men performed bicycle exercise (60 min, 65% peak O2 consumption) on two occasions, where they ingested either 1) a high-carbohydrate diet (H-CHO) or 2) a low-carbohydrate diet (L-CHO) before exercise to alter muscle glycogen content as well as to induce, respectively, low and high rates of fat oxidation. Leg fat oxidation was 122% higher during exercise in L-CHO than in H-CHO (P < 0.001). In keeping with this, the activity of alpha2-AMP-activated protein kinase (alpha2-AMPK) was increased twice as much in L-CHO as in H-CHO (P < 0.01) at 60 min of exercise. However, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC)beta Ser221 phosphorylation was increased to the same extent (6-fold) under the two conditions. The concentration of malonyl-CoA was reduced 13% by exercise in both conditions (P < 0.05). Pyruvate dehydrogenase activity was higher during exercise in H-CHO than in L-CHO (P < 0.01). In H-CHO only, the concentrations of acetyl-CoA and acetylcarnitine were increased (P < 0.001), and the concentration of free carnitine was decreased (P < 0.01), by exercise. The data suggest that a decrease in the...Continue Reading

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