Mammographic density and urbanization: a population-based screening study

Journal of Medical Screening
Jean-François Viel, Raouchan Rymzhanova

Abstract

The high incidence of female breast cancer that has been consistently reported in urban areas could be mediated by breast density, which is considered to reflect the cumulative exposure of breast tissues to hormones. The aim of this study was to assess how mammographic density varies by the degree of urbanization. The population consisted of 55,597 cancer-free women, aged 50-59 years, who participated in a French breast cancer screening programme (Franche-Comté region) between 2005 and 2009. Ordered logistic regression was run with mammographic density as the outcome, and degree of urbanization as the independent variable, while adjusting for some known confounding factors. Multiple imputation was used to deal with missing data. A significant positive linear trend with urbanization was found in a univariate approach (P trend <10(-3)), and after adjusting for risk factors (P trend = 10(-3)). A negative and highly significant association with mammographic density was highlighted both for age at the time of mammography (odds ratio (OR) 0.41, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.39-0.43, per 10 years), and for low socioeconomic status (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.67-0.75). The OR for hormone replacement therapy use was 1.51 (95% CI 1.43-1.58). Kno...Continue Reading

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Citations

Sep 4, 2015·The British Journal of Radiology·Samantha L HellerLouise S Wilkinson
Jul 3, 2015·European Radiology·Daniëlle van der WaalMireille J M Broeders
Mar 10, 2018·Cancer Causes & Control : CCC·Nina RoswallMette Sørensen
Feb 15, 2019·Breast Cancer Research : BCR·Alexandra J WhiteBrian L Sprague
Mar 2, 2019·Breast Cancer Research : BCR·Kirsty McLeanJennifer Stone
Jun 19, 2021·Heliyon·Camila EnglerMaria do Socorro Nogueira

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
X-ray
hormone replacement therapy
biopsy

Software Mentioned

R
mi
MASS

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