Managed metapopulations: do salmon hatchery 'sources' lead to in-river 'sinks' in conservation?

PloS One
Rachel C JohnsonAxel K Schmitt

Abstract

Maintaining viable populations of salmon in the wild is a primary goal for many conservation and recovery programs. The frequency and extent of connectivity among natal sources defines the demographic and genetic boundaries of a population. Yet, the role that immigration of hatchery-produced adults may play in altering population dynamics and fitness of natural populations remains largely unquantified. Quantifying, whether natural populations are self-sustaining, functions as sources (population growth rate in the absence of dispersal, λ>1), or as sinks (λ<1) can be obscured by an inability to identify immigrants. In this study we use a new isotopic approach to demonstrate that a natural spawning population of Chinook salmon, (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) considered relatively healthy, represents a sink population when the contribution of hatchery immigrants is taken into consideration. We retrieved sulfur isotopes ((34)S/(32)S, referred to as δ(34)S) in adult Chinook salmon otoliths (ear bones) that were deposited during their early life history as juveniles to determine whether individuals were produced in hatcheries or naturally in rivers. Our results show that only 10.3% (CI = 5.5 to 18.1%) of adults spawning in the river had ...Continue Reading

References

Aug 19, 2000·Science·C C Mann, M L Plummer
Dec 1, 2000·Nature
Jul 11, 2006·Ecological Applications : a Publication of the Ecological Society of America·Joseph E Merz, Peter B Moyle
Feb 15, 2007·Conservation Biology : the Journal of the Society for Conservation Biology·Hitoshi ArakiMichael S Blouin
Aug 19, 2008·The American Naturalist·M Forrest HillLouis W Botsford

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Citations

Jul 19, 2012·Journal of Fish Biology·B D Walther, K E Limburg
May 27, 2015·Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society·Roman D Furrer, Gilberto Pasinelli
Mar 28, 2018·Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences·Justin D YeakelJonathan W Moore

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