Managing Aged Animals in Zoos to Promote Positive Welfare: A Review and Future Directions

Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI
Bethany L KrebsJason V Watters

Abstract

Improvements in veterinary care, nutrition, and husbandry of animals living in zoos have led to an increase in the longevity of these animals over the past 30 years. In this same time period, the focus of animal welfare science has shifted from concerns over mitigating negative welfare impacts to promoting positive welfare experiences for animals. For instance, providing opportunities for animals to exert agency, solve problems, or acquire rewards are all associated with positive welfare outcomes. Many common age-related changes result in limitations to opportunities for positive welfare experiences, either due to pain or other physical, cognitive, or behavioral limitations. This review aggregates information regarding common age-related physical and behavioral changes across species, discusses how age-related changes may limit positive welfare opportunities of aged animals in human care, and suggests potential management methods to help promote positive welfare for animals at all life stages in zoos and aquariums.

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Citations

May 23, 2020·Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI·Ellen WilliamsAnne Carter
Oct 2, 2019·Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI·Ellen WilliamsSamantha Bremner-Harrison
Oct 17, 2019·Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI·Alistair B LawrencePeter Sandøe
Jan 23, 2021·Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine : Official Publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians·Whitney Greene, Deena Brenner

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
blood draw

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