Manipulating Refractive Index in Organic Light-Emitting Diodes

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
Amin SalehiFranky So

Abstract

In a conventional organic light-emitting diode (OLED), only a fraction of light can escape to the glass substrate and air. Most radiation is lost to two major channels: waveguide modes and surface plasmon polaritons. It is known that reducing the refractive indices of the constituent layers in an OLED can enhance light extraction. Among all of the layers, the refractive index of the electron transport layer (ETL) has the largest impact on light extraction because it is the layer adjacent to the metallic cathode. Oblique angle deposition (OAD) provides a way to manipulate the refractive index of a thin film by creating an ordered columnar void structure. In this work, using OAD, the refractive index of tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum (Alq3) can be tuned from 1.75 to 1.45. With this low-index ETL deposited by OAD, the resulting phosphorescent OLED shows nearly 30% increase in light extraction efficiency.

References

May 8, 2007·Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids·Shufen TsoiMichael J Brett
Apr 7, 2010·Optics Letters·Michael Slootsky, Stephen R Forrest
Sep 15, 2015·Optics Express·Michiel Koen CallensKristiaan Neyts
Nov 5, 2016·ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces·Bomi SimJang-Joo Kim

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Citations

Mar 7, 2020·Advanced Materials·Jinouk SongSeunghyup Yoo
May 6, 2019·Optics Express·Haowen LiangJiahui Wang
Feb 6, 2021·Chemical Communications : Chem Comm·Kikuya HayashiShuzo Hirata
Mar 5, 2021·Nature·Yasser HassanHenry J Snaith
Dec 23, 2020·ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces·Eric C ForrestAlexander S Tappan
Aug 28, 2020·ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces·Alexander M PolgarZachary M Hudson

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