Manipulation of autophagy by (+) RNA viruses.

Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology
Ho Him Wong, Sumana Sanyal

Abstract

Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved process central to host metabolism. Among its major functions are conservation of energy during starvation, recycling organelles, and turnover of long-lived proteins. Besides, autophagy plays a critical role in removing intracellular pathogens and very likely represents a primordial intrinsic cellular defence mechanism. More recent findings indicate that it has not only retained its ability to degrade intracellular pathogens, but also functions to augment and fine tune antiviral immune responses. Interestingly, viruses have also co-evolved strategies to manipulate this pathway and use it to their advantage. Particularly intriguing is infection-dependent activation of autophagy with positive stranded (+)RNA virus infections, which benefit from the pathway without succumbing to lysosomal degradation. In this review we summarise recent data on viral manipulation of autophagy, with a particular emphasis on +RNA viruses and highlight key unanswered questions in the field that we believe merit further attention.

Citations

Jun 25, 2020·Autophagy·Dalibor Mijaljica, Daniel J Klionsky
Oct 28, 2019·Cells·Srikanta DashKrzysztof Moroz
Oct 17, 2020·Nature Communications·Ming Yuan LiSumana Sanyal
Dec 4, 2020·Emerging Topics in Life Sciences·Sumana Sanyal
Feb 10, 2021·The Journal of General Virology·Irene A OwusuChristiane E Wobus
Dec 31, 2020·Cells·Sara E Hanley, Katrina F Cooper
Mar 26, 2021·Frontiers in Oncology·Alejandra SuaresOmar Coso
Apr 10, 2021·Frontiers in Human Neuroscience·Hale Yapici-EserYasemin Gursoy-Ozdemir
Jun 28, 2021·Reviews in Medical Virology·Goutham V Ganesh, Ramkumar K Mohanram
Jul 25, 2021·Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology·Yan G ZhaoHong Zhang
Oct 27, 2021·Virulence·Sophie Wilhelmina van LeurSumana Sanyal

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
lipidation
confocal microscopy
electron microscopy
density gradient separations

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Autophagy & Metabolism

Autophagy preserves the health of cells and tissues by replacing outdated and damaged cellular components with fresh ones. In starvation, it provides an internal source of nutrients for energy generation and, thus, survival. A powerful promoter of metabolic homeostasis at both the cellular and whole-animal level, autophagy prevents degenerative diseases. It does have a downside, however--cancer cells exploit it to survive in nutrient-poor tumors.

Autophagy & Model Organisms

Autophagy is a cellular process that allows degradation by the lysosome of cytoplasmic components such as proteins or organelles. Here is the latest research on autophagy & model organisms

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