Mantises exchange angular momentum between three rotating body parts to jump precisely to targets

Current Biology : CB
Malcolm BurrowsG P Sutton

Abstract

Flightless animals have evolved diverse mechanisms to control their movements in air, whether falling with gravity or propelling against it. Many insects jump as a primary mode of locomotion and must therefore precisely control the large torques generated during takeoff. For example, to minimize spin (angular momentum of the body) at takeoff, plant-sucking bugs apply large equal and opposite torques from two propulsive legs [1]. Interacting gear wheels have evolved in some to give precise synchronization of these legs [2, 3]. Once airborne, as a result of either jumping or falling, further adjustments may be needed to control trajectory and orient the body for landing. Tails are used by geckos to control pitch [4, 5] and by Anolis lizards to alter direction [6, 7]. When falling, cats rotate their body [8], while aphids [9] and ants [10, 11] manipulate wind resistance against their legs and thorax. Falling is always downward, but targeted jumping must achieve many possible desired trajectories. We show that when making targeted jumps, juvenile wingless mantises first rotated their abdomen about the thorax to adjust the center of mass and thus regulate spin at takeoff. Once airborne, they then smoothly and sequentially transferre...Continue Reading

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Citations

Aug 23, 2017·The Journal of Experimental Biology·Malcolm Burrows, Marina Dorosenko
Jun 11, 2016·The Journal of Experimental Biology·G P SuttonM Burrows
May 10, 2018·Scientific Reports·Mostafa R A NabawyWilliam I Sellers
Feb 7, 2017·Interface Focus·Yu ZengRobert Dudley
Sep 14, 2020·Current Opinion in Insect Science·Gal Ribak
Sep 9, 2015·The Journal of Experimental Biology·Ruben Berthé, Fritz-Olaf Lehmann
Sep 4, 2015·The Journal of Experimental Biology·Malcolm Burrows, Marina Dorosenko
May 30, 2021·Integrative and Comparative Biology·Stacey ShieldArdian Jusufi

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