Mapping and characterising areas with high levels of HIV transmission in sub-Saharan Africa: A geospatial analysis of national survey data

PLoS Medicine
Caroline A BulstraSake J de Vlas

Abstract

In the generalised epidemics of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence shows patterns of clustered micro-epidemics. We mapped and characterised these high-prevalence areas for young adults (15-29 years of age), as a proxy for areas with high levels of transmission, for 7 countries in Eastern and Southern Africa: Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. We used geolocated survey data from the most recent United States Agency for International Development (USAID) demographic and health surveys (DHSs) and AIDS indicator surveys (AISs) (collected between 2008-2009 and 2015-2016), which included about 113,000 adults-of which there were about 53,000 young adults (27,000 women, 28,000 men)-from over 3,500 sample locations. First, ordinary kriging was applied to predict HIV prevalence at unmeasured locations. Second, we explored to what extent behavioural, socioeconomic, and environmental factors explain HIV prevalence at the individual- and sample-location level, by developing a series of multilevel multivariable logistic regression models and geospatially visualising unexplained model heterogeneity. National-level HIV prevalence for young adults ranged from 2.2% in Tanzania t...Continue Reading

References

Jan 23, 2003·Journal of Women & Aging·Sarah B Laditka
Nov 22, 2011·The Journal of Adolescent Health : Official Publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine·Sue M Napierala MavedzengeDavid A Ross
Jul 13, 2012·The New England Journal of Medicine·Jared M BaetenUNKNOWN Partners PrEP Study Team
Aug 7, 2013·Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes : JAIDS·Audrey PettiforUNKNOWN HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) Adolescent Scientific Committee
May 20, 2015·Journal of Clinical Epidemiology·Ewout W Steyerberg, Frank E Harrell
Mar 13, 2016·International Journal of Epidemiology·Georges ReniersBasia Zaba
Jul 30, 2016·The Lancet. HIV·Susan Cassels, Carol S Camlin
Aug 1, 2018·Journal of Clinical Epidemiology·Ewout W Steyerberg
May 17, 2019·Nature·Laura Dwyer-LindgrenSimon I Hay

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Apr 4, 2021·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Malebogo SolomonKinley Wangdi
Sep 22, 2021·Journal of the International AIDS Society·Jeffrey W EatonRay W Shiraishi

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Methods Mentioned

BETA
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
circumcision

Software Mentioned

GADM
R
ArcGIS Pro
Google Maps

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.