Marijuana Use in Pregnancy and While Breastfeeding

Obstetrics and Gynecology
Torri D Metz, Laura M Borgelt

Abstract

The prevalence and perceived safety of marijuana use in pregnancy are increasing with expanding legalization. Marijuana crosses the placenta and passes into breast milk, resulting in fetal and neonatal exposure. Many women cite medical reasons for prenatal marijuana use such as nausea and vomiting of pregnancy, anxiety, and chronic pain. The scientific literature regarding marijuana in pregnancy is mixed, resulting in confusion among practitioners as to how to counsel women about risks of use. In addition, there is a paucity of literature related to marijuana use and breastfeeding. Existing pregnancy studies are predominantly retrospective cohorts with a reliance on self-report for ascertainment of exposure, which underestimates use. Many studies fail to adjust for important confounding factors such as tobacco use and sociodemographic differences. Despite the limitations of the existing evidence, there are animal and human data suggesting potential harm of cannabis use. The harms are biologically plausible given the role of the endocannabinoid system in pregnancy implantation, placentation, and fetal neurologic development. Two recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses found an association between marijuana use and adverse pe...Continue Reading

References

Mar 1, 1990·Neurotoxicology and Teratology·S J Astley, R E Little
Sep 23, 1982·The New England Journal of Medicine·M Perez-Reyes, M E Wall
Apr 8, 2003·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Giampaolo MereuVincenzo Cuomo
Mar 3, 2004·Birth Defects Research. Part A, Clinical and Molecular Teratology·Laura J WilliamsSonja Rasmussen
Mar 1, 2005·Neurotoxicology and Teratology·Y L HurdD Dow-Edwards
Oct 28, 2009·Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry·Hanan El MarrounAnja C Huizink
May 11, 2010·Early Human Development·Hanan El MarrounAnja C Huizink
Mar 1, 2012·Pediatrics·UNKNOWN Section on Breastfeeding
Jul 19, 2012·Annual Review of Psychology·Raphael Mechoulam, Linda A Parker
Jul 21, 2012·PloS One·Gustaaf Albert DekkerClaire T Roberts
Oct 23, 2012·European Journal of Epidemiology·Vincent W V JaddoeAlbert Hofman
Oct 1, 2013·Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry·A C Huizink
Nov 5, 2013·European Journal of Pharmacology·Keith A SharkeyLinda A Parker
Mar 14, 2014·BJOG : an International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology·M-J Saurel-CubizollesB Blondel
Oct 28, 2014·Epilepsy Currents·Bradley E Alger
Apr 4, 2015·Breastfeeding Medicine : the Official Journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine·Sarah Reece-Stremtan, Kathleen A Marinelli
May 20, 2015·American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology·Torri D Metz, Elaine H Stickrath
Jul 15, 2015·Neurotherapeutics : the Journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics·Shokouh ArjmandMohammad Shabani
Aug 8, 2015·Breastfeeding Medicine : the Official Journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine·Cecilia L Bergeria, Sarah H Heil
Sep 25, 2015·Journal of Perinatology : Official Journal of the California Perinatal Association·C R WarshakJ Van Hook
Mar 10, 2016·Obstetrics and Gynecology·Cynthia L HollandJudy C Chang
May 2, 2016·Women's Health Issues : Official Publication of the Jacobs Institute of Women's Health·Marian JarlenskiJudy C Chang
Jul 14, 2016·Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN·Mellar P Davis
Sep 9, 2016·Obstetrics and Gynecology·Shayna N ConnerMethodius G Tuuli
Nov 1, 2016·Reproduction : the Official Journal of the Society for the Study of Fertility·Fernando CorreaAna María Franchi
Dec 20, 2016·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association·Qiana L BrownDeborah S Hasin
Jun 5, 2017·American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology·Torri D MetzRobert M Silver
Aug 28, 2017·American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology·Marian JarlenskiJudy C Chang
Apr 10, 2018·Obstetrics and Gynecology·Teresa BakerThomas W Hale
May 10, 2018·Obstetrics and Gynecology·Betsy DicksonTorri D Metz

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Jan 8, 2019·JAMA Internal Medicine·Kelly C Young-WolffNancy Goler
Dec 12, 2018·Obstetrics and Gynecology·Torri D MetzIngrid A Binswanger
Jul 20, 2019·JAMA Network Open·Torri D Metz, Elaine H Stickrath
Aug 31, 2019·Journal of Neuroendocrinology·Alexis L FranksDonald B DeFranco
Apr 26, 2019·Obstetrics and Gynecology·Betsy Dickson, Torri Metz
Jul 4, 2019·Therapeutic Drug Monitoring·Jeremy CarlierFrancesco P Busardò
Aug 6, 2020·Canadian Journal of Public Health = Revue Canadienne De Santé Publique·Sarah J WeisbeckCatherine Ringham
Jun 26, 2020·Paediatrics & Child Health·Lisa Graves
Jul 18, 2020·Proceedings·Jennifer Clay Cather, J Christian Cather
Feb 7, 2020·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Kara R SkeltonSara E Benjamin-Neelon
Mar 25, 2020·Canadian Pharmacists Journal : CPJ = Revue Des Pharmaciens Du Canada : RPC·Erin DavisShawn Bugden
Mar 21, 2020·Therapeutic Drug Monitoring·Jeremy CarlierFrancesco P Busardò
Aug 10, 2020·Birth Defects Research·Kimberly S GrantChristina D Chambers
Sep 25, 2020·American Journal of Perinatology·Torri D MetzRobert M Silver
Feb 6, 2020·Journal of Addiction Medicine·Celestina Barbosa-LeikerMaria Gartstein
Oct 2, 2020·Journal of Analytical Toxicology·Cristina SempioJost Klawitter
Dec 8, 2020·Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease·Oyekoya T AyonrindeOyekunle K Ayonrinde
Dec 10, 2020·The Journal of Maternal-fetal & Neonatal Medicine : the Official Journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians·June H NgJustin S Brandt
Dec 19, 2020·The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine : Research on Paradigm, Practice, and Policy·Inna KurlyandchikJanet Schloss
Jul 17, 2020·Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology : the Official Clinical Practice Journal of the American Gastroenterological Association·Daniel B Maselli, Michael Camilleri
Feb 16, 2021·Journal of Human Lactation : Official Journal of International Lactation Consultant Association·Kelsey C CoyJean Y Ko
Feb 3, 2021·Journal of Cannabis Research·Gideon Koren, Rana Cohen
Mar 9, 2021·JAMA Pediatrics·Erica M WymoreMaya Bunik
Feb 4, 2019·Drug and Alcohol Dependence·Kelly C Young-WolffNancy Goler
Apr 7, 2021·Substance Use & Misuse·Raina D PangJon-Patrick Allem
May 29, 2021·Drug and Alcohol Dependence·Gretchen BandoliCarla Marienfeld
Jun 13, 2021·Pediatric Research·Rachana SinghUNKNOWN Pediatric Policy Council
Jul 6, 2021·Frontiers in Endocrinology·Melissa L KozakiewiczAllyn C Howlett
Aug 7, 2021·Clinics in Perinatology·Courtney TownselMaya Bunik
Aug 4, 2021·NeoReviews·Nadia Narendran, Karman Yusuf
Aug 18, 2021·International Review of Psychiatry·Katrina MarkMary Mitchell
Aug 28, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Annia A Martínez-PeñaSandeep Raha
Sep 3, 2021·The Journal of Maternal-fetal & Neonatal Medicine : the Official Journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians·Ann M BrunoTorri D Metz
Aug 6, 2021·American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM·Nicola C PerlmanNicole A Smith
Nov 13, 2021·Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders·Carolyn DiGuiseppiCordelia Robinson Rosenberg
Dec 4, 2021·JAMA Network Open·Lynn M YeeUNKNOWN Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study
Dec 3, 2021·Obstetrics and Gynecology·Marcela C SmidUNKNOWN Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units (MFMU)
Dec 7, 2021·Breastfeeding Medicine : the Official Journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine·Christine D GarnerThomas W Hale

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.

Related Papers

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Torri D Metz, Elaine H Stickrath
Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics
A Ozgur YenielReci Meseri
Breastfeeding Medicine : the Official Journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine
Jasminder Mourh, Hilary Rowe
© 2022 Meta ULC. All rights reserved