Marking rejected distractors: a gaze-contingent technique for measuring memory during search.

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
Christopher A Dickinson, Gregory J Zelinsky

Abstract

There is a debate among search theorists as to whether search exploits a memory for rejected distractors. We addressed this question by monitoring eye movements and explicitly marking objects visited by gaze during search. If search is memoryless, markers might be used to reduce distractor reinspections and improve search efficiency, relative to a no-marking baseline. However, if search already uses distractor memory, there should be no differences between marking and no-marking conditions. In four experiments, with stimuli ranging from Os and Qs to realistic scenes, two consistent data patterns emerged: (1) Marking rejected distractors produced no systematic benefit for search efficiency, as measured by reinspections, reaction times, or errors, and (2) distractor reinspection rates were, overall, extremely low. These results suggest that search uses a memory for rejected distractors, at least in those many real-world search tasks in which gaze is free to move.

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Citations

Oct 29, 2008·Psychological Review·Gregory J Zelinsky
May 18, 2011·Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception and Performance·Michael C Hout, Stephen D Goldinger
Oct 9, 2009·Journal of Neurophysiology·Koorosh MirpourJames W Bisley
Apr 8, 2011·Attention, Perception & Psychophysics·Margit HöflerChristof Körner
Jan 26, 2011·Memory & Cognition·Gregory J ZelinskyChristopher A Dickinson
Dec 7, 2013·Attention, Perception & Psychophysics·Margit HöflerChristof Körner
Nov 28, 2007·Perception & Psychophysics·Wieske Van ZoestJames T Enns
May 8, 2007·Vision Research·Christopher A Dickinson, Gregory J Zelinsky
Dec 8, 2017·Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications·Chad Peltier, Mark W Becker
May 19, 2009·The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology : QJEP·Keith Rayner
Aug 16, 2018·Journal of Neurophysiology·Andrey R NikolaevCees van Leeuwen
Dec 8, 2017·Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications·Trafton Drew, Lauren H Williams
Apr 23, 2020·Annual Review of Vision Science·Jeremy M Wolfe

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