PMID: 11917986Mar 29, 2002Paper

Mass budgets, pathways, and equilibrium states of two hexachlorocyclohexanes in the Baltic Sea environment

Environmental Science & Technology
Knut Breivik, Frank Wania

Abstract

The POPCYCLING-Baltic model, a non-steady-state multicompartmental mass balance model of long-term chemical fate in the Baltic Sea environment, is used to derive a quantitative understanding of the behavior of alpha- and gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) from 1970 to 2000. The atmosphere is found to effectively distribute the HCHs within the Baltic Sea environment and beyond, resulting in relatively uniform concentrations in environmental compartments that do not directly receive emissions. This uniformity is the result of a large-scale redistribution of a relatively small fraction of the emitted HCHs from the agricultural systems in source areas to all other environmental compartments throughout the Baltic Sea region. The major fraction of the HCHs is degraded in the soils receiving the pesticide application. In areas where HCH-containing pesticides are used, HCHs evaporate from soils and water bodies and are advected away in the atmosphere. They are deposited to forests and water bodies when they reach remote regions. This redistribution is driven by the inclination of the HCHs to equalize their chemical potential within the environment, which is illustrated through the use of fugacity fractions. The model is believed to prov...Continue Reading

Citations

Oct 18, 2013·Environmental Science. Processes & Impacts·Ingjerd S KrogsethMartin Schlabach
Sep 14, 2012·Journal of Environmental Monitoring : JEM·Anne Karine HalseKnut Breivik
Feb 23, 2010·Environment International·Adrian CovaciKevin C Jones
Jul 13, 2021·Environmental Science. Processes & Impacts·Knut BreivikFrank Wania

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