Maternal Stressors and Social Support and Risks of Delivering Babies With Gastroschisis or Hypospadias

American Journal of Epidemiology
S L CarmichaelNational Birth Defects Prevention Study

Abstract

We examined the association of maternal stressful life events and social support with risks of gastroschisis and hypospadias, using data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, a population-based case-control study of US births taking place in 2006-2011. We examined maternal self-reports of 7 life events and 3 sources of social support during the periconceptional period among mothers of 593 gastroschisis cases, 1,142 male hypospadias cases, and 4,399 nonmalformed controls. Responses to the questions on stressful life events were summed to form an index (higher is worse), as were responses to questions on social support (higher is better). We used logistic regression to estimate adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. The adjusted odds ratios for gastroschisis for a 4-point increase in the stress index were 3.5 (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.6, 4.8) among nonteenage mothers (age ≥20 years) and 1.0 (95% CI: 0.5, 1.7) among teenage mothers (age <20 years). The odds ratio for hypospadias (among all mothers) was 0.8 (95% CI: 0.7, 1.1). Adjusted odds ratios for a social support score of 3 (versus 0) in the 3 respective groups were 0.6 (95% CI: 0.4, 1.0), 1.0 (95% CI: 0.5, 2.3), and 0.6 (95% CI: 0.4, 0.9). Given...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 5, 2018·Epidemiology·Martha M WerlerSamantha E Parker
Mar 3, 2020·International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics : the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics·Amanda B FreitasMaria L Brizot
Apr 1, 2021·Pediatric Surgery International·Sathyaprasad Burjonrappa, Alana N Snyder

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Birth defects encompass structural and functional alterations that occur during embryonic or fetal development and are present since birth. The cause may be genetic, environmental or unknown and can result in physical and/or mental impairment. Here is the latest research on birth defects.

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