Matrix and modifier effects in the supercritical fluid extraction of cocaine and benzoylecgonine from human hair

Analytical Chemistry
J F MorrisonC M Selavka

Abstract

The supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) behavior of cocaine and its major metabolite benzoylecgonine (BZE) was investigated and found to be highly dependent upon the chemical nature of the matrix and the manner in which the target drug analytes are incorporated into or on the matrix. The recovery of cocaine from Teflon wool, filter paper, drug-fortified hair, and drug user hair was studied using a variety of CO2/modifier mixtures. Incorporation of a triethylamine (TEA)/water modifier mixture provided dramatic improvements in the recovery of cocaine from interactive matrixes. The results suggest that the SF extractability of cocaine is not limited by analyte solubility; rather, desorption of cocaine from hair binding sites is a rate-limiting step in the SFE process. A displacement SFE mechanism is hypothesized in which TEA (as the triethylammonium cation) competes with cocaine for negatively charged hair binding sites. The dependence of extractability on hair/drug binding interactions allows the differentiation of cocaine present at different discrete sites in hair based on differences in SFE behavior. These findings suggest the potential for distinguishing exogenous (i.e., environmental) from endogenous (i.e., physiological) s...Continue Reading

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Citations

May 9, 2007·Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry·Frank Musshoff, Burkhard Madea
May 15, 2012·Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry·Manuel SergiDario Compagnone
Jun 28, 2000·Journal of Biochemical and Biophysical Methods·C RadcliffeB Lockwood
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Apr 18, 2013·Bioanalysis·Joana BarbosaRicardo Jorge Dinis-Oliveira
Jul 4, 2006·Forensic Science International : Synergy·Frank Musshoff, Burkhard Madea
Apr 21, 2006·Clinica Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry·Fritz Pragst, Marie A Balikova
May 27, 2009·Journal of Chromatography. B, Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences·P FernándezM J Tabernero
Jun 10, 2003·Phytochemical Analysis : PCA·Ernesto EllingtonCaries Codina
Jul 9, 2002·Phytochemical Analysis : PCA·A BrachetJ L Veuthey
Jun 29, 1999·Analytical Chemistry·T A BrettellR Saferstein

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