Matrix Metalloproteinases as Regulators of Vein Structure and Function: Implications in Chronic Venous Disease

The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
Elisabeth MacColl, Raouf A Khalil

Abstract

Lower-extremity veins have efficient wall structure and function and competent valves that permit upward movement of deoxygenated blood toward the heart against hydrostatic venous pressure. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an important role in maintaining vein wall structure and function. MMPs are zinc-binding endopeptidases secreted as inactive pro-MMPs by fibroblasts, vascular smooth muscle (VSM), and leukocytes. Pro-MMPs are activated by various activators including other MMPs and proteinases. MMPs cause degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins such as collagen and elastin, and could have additional effects on the endothelium, as well as VSM cell migration, proliferation, Ca(2+) signaling, and contraction. Increased lower-extremity hydrostatic venous pressure is thought to induce hypoxia-inducible factors and other MMP inducers/activators such as extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer, prostanoids, chymase, and hormones, leading to increased MMP expression/activity, ECM degradation, VSM relaxation, and venous dilation. Leukocyte infiltration and inflammation of the vein wall cause further increases in MMPs, vein wall dilation, valve degradation, and different clinical stages of chronic venous disease (...Continue Reading

References

Jan 1, 1989·The British Journal of Surgery·J V Psaila, J Melhuish
Jan 1, 1996·The Journal of Surgical Research·M VenturiE Mussini
Jan 1, 1997·Investigational New Drugs·S M Wojtowicz-PragaM J Hawkins
Feb 25, 1998·Journal of Vascular Surgery·T OnoS Takase
Jan 1, 1997·International Journal of Microcirculation, Clinical and Experimental·C Le DévéhatC Kempf
May 30, 1998·The Journal of Biological Chemistry·M W OlsonR Fridman
Nov 20, 1998·Angiology·M M KockxM Finet
Jul 23, 1999·Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·W BodeK Maskos
Jun 29, 2000·Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications·A O Morla, J E Mogford
Feb 15, 2001·Current Medicinal Chemistry·J W SkilesA Y Jeng
Mar 10, 2001·The Journal of Pathology·C Badier-CommanderM P Jacob
Jan 16, 2002·The Journal of Biological Chemistry·M Margarida BernardoShahriar Mobashery
Jan 24, 2002·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Jack L ArbiserJ David Lambeth
Jul 31, 2002·Circulation·Marie-Paule JacobJean-Baptiste Michel
Sep 18, 2002·Journal of Cell Science·Andrew H BakerGillian Murphy
Oct 29, 2002·Inorganic Chemistry·Vladimir Pelmenschikov, Per E M Siegbahn
Jan 25, 2003·American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology·Kazuhiko AsanumaZorina S Galis
Mar 29, 2003·Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology·Zhaoxia LuanAndrew C Newby
Jun 10, 2003·Arthritis and Rheumatism·Richard RenkiewiczVijaykumar Baragi
Jul 5, 2003·Journal of Vascular Surgery·Kenneth J WoodsideGlenn C Hunter
Aug 7, 2003·Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology : JVIR·Robert J MinSteven E Zimmet
Jun 15, 1962·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·J GROSS, C M LAPIERE

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Jul 1, 2017·Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV·V SlonkováV Vašků
Dec 1, 2017·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Pedro SerralheiroIgnacio Verde
Dec 19, 2018·International Angiology : a Journal of the International Union of Angiology·Azin S BiranvandMohammad Najafi
May 7, 2019·International Angiology : a Journal of the International Union of Angiology·Xiaoxuan HuYuxu Zhong
May 22, 2019·International Angiology : a Journal of the International Union of Angiology·Bernardo Senra BarrosAndrew N Nicolaides
Jan 17, 2020·PloS One·Luis Fernando BittarJoyce Maria Annichino-Bizzacchi
Oct 31, 2019·Current Pharmaceutical Design·Golnaz EsfandiariMohammad Najafi
Dec 1, 2018·BioMed Research International·Miguel A OrtegaNatalio García-Honduvilla
Jun 4, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Wioletta OlejarzGrażyna Kubiak-Tomaszewska
Nov 2, 2019·Ageing Research Reviews·Sidong YangWenyuan Ding
Feb 13, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Qichan Hu, Melanie Ecker
Jan 23, 2021·American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology·O EikenR Kölegård
Mar 23, 2021·Biophysics Reviews·Shirin SaberianpourMohammad Mahdi Kamyar
Jun 21, 2021·Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine·Miguel A OrtegaÁngel Asúnsolo
Oct 17, 2019·Journal of Proteome Research·Sarah OnidaAlun H Davies
Sep 23, 2021·International Angiology : a Journal of the International Union of Angiology·Giacomo GastaldiMarie Josee VAN Rijn

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Cell Migration

Cell migration is involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes such as embryonic development, cancer metastasis, blood vessel formation and remoulding, tissue regeneration, immune surveillance and inflammation. Here is the latest research.

Cardiomyopathy

Cardiomyopathy is a disease of the heart muscle, that can lead to muscular or electrical dysfunction of the heart. It is often an irreversible disease that is associated with a poor prognosis. There are different causes and classifications of cardiomyopathies. Here are the latest discoveries pertaining to this disease.

Cardiovascular Inflammation

Inflammation plays a significant role in the development of cardiovascular diseases, an understanding of these endogenous processes is critical for evaluating the risks and potential treatment strategies. Discover the latest research on cardiovascular inflammation here.

Birth Defects

Birth defects encompass structural and functional alterations that occur during embryonic or fetal development and are present since birth. The cause may be genetic, environmental or unknown and can result in physical and/or mental impairment. Here is the latest research on birth defects.