Measurement error and results from analytic epidemiology: dietary fat and breast cancer

Journal of the National Cancer Institute
Ross L Prentice

Abstract

International correlational analyses have suggested a strong positive association between fat consumption and breast cancer incidence, especially among post-menopausal women. However, case-control studies have been taken to indicate a weaker association, and a recent, pooled cohort analysis reported little evidence of an association. Differences among study results could be due to differences in the populations studied, differences in the control for total energy intake, recall bias in the case-control studies, and dietary measurement error biases. Existing measurement error models assume either that the sample data used to validate dietary self-report instruments are without measurements error or that any such error is independent of both the true dietary exposure and other study subject characteristics. However, growing evidence indicates that total energy and, presumably, both total fat and percent energy from fat are increasingly underreported as percent body fat increases. A relaxed dietary measurement model is introduced that allows all measurement error parameters to depend on body mass index (weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters) and incorporates a random underreporting quantity that applies to ...Continue Reading

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