PMID: 9533608Apr 9, 1998Paper

Measurement of muscle hardness: a methodological study

Cephalalgia : an International Journal of Headache
M AshinaJ Olesen

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to determine the intra- and interobserver variation during measurement of muscle hardness with a new instrument, a so-called hardness meter. In addition, we investigated the factors which may influence the recording of muscle hardness and whether the hardness differs within the same muscle. Hardness was measured at a standardized point on the trapezius muscle in 20 volunteers by 2 observers in random order and again by 1 of the observers after 30 min. Muscle hardness was then measured at 3 different locations on the trapezius muscle. In addition, the muscle hardness at the standard point was measured in 10 volunteers by both observers at 3 different speeds of the applied pressure. The intraobserver variation was 10% and the interobserver variation was 12% for recording of muscle hardness. There was no significant difference in hardness values from time to time within the same observer (p=0.12), while there was a significant difference in hardness measurements between observers (p=0.007). Muscle hardness differed significantly among the 3 anatomical locations (p=0.03). For both observers, there was a significant difference among hardness recordings obtained at 3 different speeds (p=0.01 and p=0.0...Continue Reading

References

Aug 1, 1992·Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health·B K RasmussenJ Olesen
Jan 1, 1992·Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology·K O Forseth, J T Gran
Dec 1, 1991·Statistics in Medicine·D G Altman
Dec 1, 1987·Cephalalgia : an International Journal of Headache·M Langemark, J Olesen
Nov 1, 1993·Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing·M HorikawaM Akiyama
May 1, 1996·Cephalalgia : an International Journal of Headache·R Jensen, J Olesen

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Citations

Aug 24, 2004·European Journal of Applied Physiology·Mitsuyoshi MurayamaSachio Kawai
Sep 10, 2002·Peptides·Hanne MørkRigmor Jensen
Oct 12, 2001·Cephalalgia : an International Journal of Headache·R Jensen
Apr 17, 2001·Cephalalgia : an International Journal of Headache·M AshinaJ Olesen
Apr 18, 2003·Cephalalgia : an International Journal of Headache·R Jensen
Mar 18, 2006·Cranio : the Journal of Craniomandibular Practice·Koji KashimaSumio Sakoda
Nov 10, 2004·Cranio : the Journal of Craniomandibular Practice·Koji KashimaRyosuke Shiba
May 19, 2004·Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics·Gary FryerPeter Gibbons
Aug 1, 2007·Physiological Measurement·Antti AlamäkiJari Ylinen
Mar 22, 2019·Cranio : the Journal of Craniomandibular Practice·Roberta ValentinoAmbrosina Michelotti
Jun 28, 2000·Current Opinion in Neurology·R Jensen, J Olesen
May 11, 2018·Journal of Oral Rehabilitation·Y M CostaP Svensson

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