Measurement of subcellular force generation in neurons

Biophysical Journal
Matthew O'TooleKyle E Miller

Abstract

Forces are important for neuronal outgrowth during the initial wiring of the nervous system and after trauma, yet subcellular force generation over the microtubule-rich region at the rear of the growth cone and along the axon has never, to our knowledge, been directly measured. Because previous studies have indicated microtubule polymerization and the microtubule-associated proteins Kinesin-1 and dynein all generate forces that push microtubules forward, a major question is whether the net forces in these regions are contractile or expansive. A challenge in addressing this is that measuring local subcellular force generation is difficult. Here we develop an analytical mathematical model that describes the relationship between unequal subcellular forces arranged in series within the neuron and the net overall tension measured externally. Using force-calibrated towing needles to measure and apply forces, in combination with docked mitochondria to monitor subcellular strain, we then directly measure force generation over the rear of the growth cone and along the axon of chick sensory neurons. We find the rear of the growth cone generates 2.0 nN of contractile force, the axon generates 0.6 nN of contractile force, and that the net ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 9, 2015·Biophysical Journal·Ahmad I M AthamnehDaniel M Suter
Oct 7, 2015·Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience·Ahmad I M Athamneh, Daniel M Suter
May 29, 2016·Trends in Neurosciences·Olga I Kahn, Peter W Baas
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Nov 19, 2015·Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience·Robert J PolackwichJeffrey S Urbach
Dec 12, 2018·Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience·Kyle E Miller, Daniel M Suter
Jun 22, 2018·Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience·Rijk de Rooij, Ellen Kuhl
Jun 13, 2017·Computational Mechanics·R de RooijE Kuhl
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Jul 1, 2020·Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology·Kristian Franze
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Jan 11, 2018·Biophysical Journal·Rijk de Rooij, Ellen Kuhl
Aug 4, 2021·Advanced Healthcare Materials·Cara T MotzCheng Zhu

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