PMID: 517492Jan 1, 1979Paper

Measurement of urine temperature as an alternative to observed urination in a narcotic treatment program

The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse
B A JudsonA Goldstein

Abstract

Upper and lower limits have been determined for the temperature of freshly voided ur;ne. When specified procedures are followed, more than 99% of measurements lie between 32.5 and 36.7 degrees C. This provides a basis for monitoring urine collection in a drug abuse treatment program in a manner that does not invade privacy. The method is not foolproof, but it provides sufficient control if there are no penalties for illicit drug use so that there is no strong incentive to turn in a fraudulent urine sample.

References

Jan 10, 1977·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association·E C SenayP F Renault
Sep 1, 1977·The International Journal of the Addictions·A GoldsteinR W Hansteen
Dec 1, 1973·The British Journal of Addiction to Alcohol and Other Drugs·S J Mule

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Citations

May 1, 1995·Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment·J MoranD James
Nov 6, 2009·Journal of Clinical Nursing·Shu-Hua LuYu-Tzu Dai
Jul 1, 1984·Drug and Alcohol Dependence·B A Judson, A Goldstein
Jan 14, 2005·Journal of Environmental Quality·Robert K Bastian

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