Measurement tools for gender identity, gender expression, and gender dysphoria in transgender and gender-diverse children and adolescents: a systematic review.

The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health
Thea M BloomMichelle A Tollit

Abstract

Increasing numbers of children and adolescents are being referred to gender services for gender-related concerns. Various instruments are used with these patients in clinical care, but their clinical validity, strengths, and limitations have not been systematically reviewed. In this systematic review, we searched MEDLINE, PubMed, and PsycINFO databases for available tools that assess gender identity, gender expression, or gender dysphoria in transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) children and adolescents. We included studies published before Jan 20, 2020, that used tools to assess gender identity, expression, or dysphoria in TGD individuals younger than 18 years. Data were extracted from eligible studies using a standardised form. We found 39 studies that met the inclusion criteria, from which we identified 24 tools. The nature of tools varied considerably and included direct observation, child and adolescent self-report, and parent-report tools. Many methods have only been used with small samples, include outdated content, and lack evaluation of psychometric properties. In summary, a paucity of studies in this area, along with sparse reporting of psychometric properties, made it difficult to compare the relative use of tools, an...Continue Reading

References

Jan 1, 1975·Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology·W M SkilbeckP M Bentler
Nov 1, 1975·Archives of Sexual Behavior·T W Lindgren, I B Pauly
Jan 1, 1976·Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology·G A Rekers, C E Yates
Apr 1, 1992·Journal of Personality Assessment·K J ZuckerR W Doering
Jun 1, 1983·Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology·K J ZuckerS J Bradley
Jan 1, 1984·Acta geneticae medicae et gemellologiae·P H Elizabeth, R Green
Feb 1, 1984·Archives of Sexual Behavior·K J ZuckerS J Bradley
Aug 1, 1982·Archives of Sexual Behavior·K J ZuckerJ K Finegan
Dec 1, 1993·Journal of Personality Assessment·K J ZuckerJ N Mitchell
Feb 1, 1997·Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry·P T Cohen-Kettenis, S H van Goozen
Dec 30, 1998·Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Revue Canadienne De Psychiatrie·K J Zucker, S J Bradley
May 18, 2004·Archives of Sexual Behavior·Laurel L JohnsonKenneth J Zucker
Jul 13, 2005·Archives of Sexual Behavior·Kenneth J Zucker
Jun 28, 2006·Eating and Weight Disorders : EWD·M CuzzolaroP E Garfinkel
Nov 4, 2006·Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry·Peggy T Cohen-KettenisKenneth J Zucker
Jan 16, 2008·Developmental Psychology·Kelley D DrummondKenneth J Zucker
Mar 7, 2008·Journal of Sex Research·Joseph J DeograciasKenneth J Zucker
Nov 5, 2008·Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry·Madeleine S C Wallien, Peggy T Cohen-Kettenis
Oct 20, 2009·Journal of Personality Assessment·Madeleine S C WallienKenneth J Zucker
Jul 22, 2010·The Journal of Sexual Medicine·Annelou L C de VriesPeggy T Cohen-Kettenis
Oct 3, 2012·Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry·Anouk Balleur-van RijnPeggy T Cohen-Kettenis
May 25, 2013·Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry·Thomas D SteensmaPeggy T Cohen-Kettenis
Sep 4, 2013·Hormones and Behavior·Thomas D SteensmaPeggy T Cohen-Kettenis
Jan 21, 2014·The Journal of Adolescent Health : Official Publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine·Terryann C ClarkFiona V Rossen
Sep 10, 2014·Pediatrics·Annelou L C de VriesPeggy T Cohen-Kettenis
Jan 23, 2015·The Journal of Sexual Medicine·Madison AitkenKenneth J Zucker
Mar 10, 2015·Psychological Science·Kristina R OlsonNicholas R Eaton
Jan 20, 2016·International Review of Psychiatry·Titia F BeekBaudewijntje P C Kreukels
Mar 31, 2017·Journal of Endocrinological Investigation·A D FisherM Maggi
Apr 26, 2017·Child Development·Anne A Fast, Kristina R Olson
Oct 6, 2020·International Journal of Transgender Health·Jenifer K McGuireKatherine Spencer

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.

Related Papers

Pediatrics in Review
Ximena LopezElka Jacobson-Dickman
Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology
Edgardo Menvielle, Veronica Gomez-Lobo
The Medico-legal Journal
Harry Zeitlin, Diana Brahams
Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics : JDBP
Ellen PerrinMartin T Stein
© 2021 Meta ULC. All rights reserved