Measuring Cellular Immunity to Influenza: Methods of Detection, Applications and Challenges

Vaccines
Lynda Coughlan, Teresa Lambe

Abstract

Influenza A virus is a respiratory pathogen which causes both seasonal epidemics and occasional pandemics; infection continues to be a significant cause of mortality worldwide. Current influenza vaccines principally stimulate humoral immune responses that are largely directed towards the variant surface antigens of influenza. Vaccination can result in an effective, albeit strain-specific antibody response and there is a need for vaccines that can provide superior, long-lasting immunity to influenza. Vaccination approaches targeting conserved viral antigens have the potential to provide broadly cross-reactive, heterosubtypic immunity to diverse influenza viruses. However, the field lacks consensus on the correlates of protection for cellular immunity in reducing severe influenza infection, transmission or disease outcome. Furthermore, unlike serological methods such as the standardized haemagglutination inhibition assay, there remains a large degree of variation in both the types of assays and method of reporting cellular outputs. T-cell directed immunity has long been known to play a role in ameliorating the severity and/or duration of influenza infection, but the precise phenotype, magnitude and longevity of the requisite prot...Continue Reading

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Citations

Mar 10, 2016·Expert Review of Vaccines·Claudia Maria Trombetta, Emanuele Montomoli
Apr 22, 2017·Microbiology and Immunology·Neha Lohia, Manoj Baranwal
Jun 12, 2018·Epigenomics·Mohsen KeshavarzHamed Mirzaei
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Feb 27, 2021·Frontiers in Immunology·Lucas J KerstetterLynda Coughlan

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
flow cytometry
ELISA
Assay
flow
chip

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