Measuring efflux and permeability in mycobacteria

Methods in Molecular Biology
Liliana RodriguesJosé Ainsa

Abstract

The intrinsic resistance of mycobacteria to most antimicrobial agents is mainly attributed to the synergy between their relatively impermeable cell wall and efflux systems. The mycobacterial cell wall is rich in lipids and polysaccharides making a compact envelope that limits drug uptake. Changes in cell wall composition or structure lead to variations in susceptibility to drugs. Bacterial efflux pumps are membrane proteins that are capable of actively transporting a broad range of substrates, including drugs, from the cytoplasm to the extracellular environment. Increased expression of efflux pump genes confers a low level resistance phenotype, and under these conditions, bacteria may have greater chances of acquiring chromosomal mutation(s) conferring higher levels of drug resistance. In order to develop effective antimycobacterial therapeutic strategies, the contributions to drug resistance made by the limited permeability of the cell wall and the increased expression of efflux pumps must be understood. In this chapter, we describe a method that allows: (1) the quantification of general efflux activity of mycobacterial strains (clinical isolates, mutants impaired in efflux or permeability) by the study of the transport (influ...Continue Reading

Citations

Jun 8, 2018·Future Microbiology·Sandra S Nakamura de VasconcelosRosilene F Cardoso
Nov 1, 2016·Infection and Immunity·Emily A WilliamsPatricia A Champion
Jul 10, 2019·Journal of Bacteriology·Edward R BallisterK Heran Darwin
Jul 11, 2018·Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy·Clara Aguilar-PérezJosé A Aínsa
Apr 22, 2020·Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy·Mike Marvin RuthJakko van Ingen
Apr 16, 2021·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Wenyue DongChen Yang
May 31, 2021·Trends in Microbiology·Mark LawsKhondaker Miraz Rahman

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