Measuring the latent reservoir in vivo

The Journal of Clinical Investigation
Marta Massanella, Douglas D Richman

Abstract

Current efforts toward achieving a cure for HIV are focused on developing strategies to eliminate latently infected CD4+ T cells, which represent the major barrier to virus eradication. Sensitive, precise, and practical assays that can reliably characterize and measure this HIV reservoir and can reliably measure the impact of a candidate treatment strategy are essential. PCR-based procedures for detecting integrated HIV DNA will overestimate the size of the reservoir by detecting replication-incompetent proviruses; however, viral outgrowth assays underestimate the size of the reservoir. Here, we describe the attributes and limitations of current procedures for measuring the HIV reservoir. Characterizing their relative merits will require rigorous evaluation of their performance characteristics (sensitivity, specificity, reproducibility, etc.) and their relationship to the results of clinical studies.

References

Dec 16, 1997·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·T W ChunA S Fauci
Mar 14, 1998·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Z Q ZhangA T Haase
Nov 30, 1999·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association·G DornadulaR J Pomerantz
Mar 22, 2002·Journal of Virology·Theodore C PiersonRobert F Siliciano
Oct 9, 2002·Journal of Virology·Una O'DohertyMichael H Malim
Jan 15, 2004·The Journal of Infectious Diseases·Marek FischerUNKNOWN Swiss HIV Cohort Study
Jan 15, 2005·Journal of Virology·Satish K PillaiDavey M Smith
Apr 6, 2005·The Journal of Infectious Diseases·Matthew C StrainJoseph K Wong
Aug 16, 2005·Lancet·Ginger LehrmanDavid M Margolis
Jul 15, 2006·PLoS Pathogens·Kara G LassenRobert F Siliciano
Nov 30, 2006·Immunology Letters·Katrin S Blum, Reinhard Pabst
Feb 6, 2008·The Journal of Infectious Diseases·Kersten K KoelschJoseph K Wong
Mar 12, 2008·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Sarah PalmerMartin S King
Feb 7, 2009·Methods : a Companion to Methods in Enzymology·Megan K LiszewskiUna O'Doherty
May 16, 2009·Journal of Virological Methods·C Thomas NugentC Giachetti
Jun 23, 2009·Nature Medicine·Nicolas ChomontRafick-Pierre Sékaly
Dec 15, 2010·The Journal of Investigative Dermatology·Marta GarcíaMarcela Del Rio
Jan 4, 2012·Current HIV Research·Rachel V DuyneFatah Kashanchi
Jan 1, 2013·The Journal of Infectious Diseases·Sara GianellaDavey M Smith

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Feb 2, 2016·The Journal of Clinical Investigation·Janet D Siliciano, Robert F Siliciano
Oct 7, 2016·Folia Microbiologica·Zora MelkovaJosef Bodor
Nov 4, 2016·Nature Reviews. Drug Discovery·Guido FerrariGeorgia D Tomaras
Dec 16, 2016·PloS One·Daniele C CaryB Matija Peterlin
Nov 18, 2016·ELife·Johanna BrodinJan Albert
Apr 5, 2018·Retrovirology·Christine Rouzioux, Véronique Avettand-Fenoël
Sep 16, 2017·Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine : CCLM·Ilaria VicentiMaurizio Zazzi
Nov 1, 2017·AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses·David J NolanMichael S McGrath
Jul 19, 2018·Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS·Christine RouziouxVéronique Avettand-Fenoël
Aug 26, 2016·Clinical Microbiology Reviews·Véronique Avettand-FènoëlChristine Rouzioux
Jun 9, 2017·Journal of Clinical Microbiology·Christina YekDouglas D Richman
Sep 21, 2018·Journal of Clinical Microbiology·Steven M LadaDouglas D Richman
Jun 16, 2016·F1000Research·Daniele C Cary, B Matija Peterlin
Apr 13, 2019·PLoS Computational Biology·Daniel I S RosenbloomUNKNOWN Reservoir Assay Validation and Evaluation Network (RAVEN) Study Group
Jul 13, 2019·Frontiers in Immunology·Michelle E WongAnna C Hearps
Apr 23, 2020·Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology·Jordan ThomasGeorgios Pollakis
Jul 31, 2018·AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses·Sergio Castro-GonzalezRuth Serra-Moreno
Mar 3, 2020·Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology·Hang SuPrasanta K Dash
Oct 7, 2020·ELife·Joanna A WarrenNilu Goonetilleke
Sep 2, 2019·Current Opinion in Virology·Alex OlsonAndrew J Henderson
Dec 19, 2020·Viruses·Ines Moranguinho, Susana T Valente
Nov 14, 2020·Viruses·Koh Fujinaga, Daniele C Cary
May 18, 2021·Frontiers in Immunology·Poonam SuryawanshiMadhuri Thakar

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Methods Mentioned

BETA
PCR
reverse transcription PCR
ELISA
blood draws
xenografts

Software Mentioned

caRNA
QVOA

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.