Mechanical amplification by hair cells in the semicircular canals.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
R D RabbittS M Highstein

Abstract

Sensory hair cells are the essential mechanotransducers of the inner ear, responsible not only for the transduction of sound and motion stimuli but also, remarkably, for nanomechanical amplification of sensory stimuli. Here we show that semicircular canal hair cells generate a mechanical nonlinearity in vivo that increases sensitivity to angular motion by amplification at low stimulus strengths. Sensitivity at high stimulus strengths is linear and shows no evidence of amplification. Results suggest that the mechanical work done by hair cells contributes approximately 97 zJ/cell of amplification per stimulus cycle, improving sensitivity to angular velocity stimuli below approximately 5 degrees /s (0.3-Hz sinusoidal motion). We further show that mechanical amplification can be inhibited by the brain via activation of efferent synaptic contacts on hair cells. The experimental model was the oyster toadfish, Opsanus tau. Physiological manifestation of mechanical amplification and efferent control in a teleost vestibular organ suggests the active motor process in sensory hair cells is ancestral. The biophysical basis of the motor(s) remains hypothetical, but a key discriminating question may involve how changes in somatic electrical ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Mar 8, 2012·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Florin VranceanuAnna Lysakowski
Feb 7, 2012·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Dáibhid Ó MaoiléidighA J Hudspeth
Feb 27, 2013·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Roozbeh GhaffariDennis M Freeman
May 4, 2012·Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery·Richard D Rabbitt, William E Brownell
Apr 20, 2012·Journal of Neurophysiology·Faisal Karmali, Daniel M Merfeld
Apr 8, 2014·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Stephen M HighsteinRichard D Rabbitt
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Oct 7, 2015·Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience·Alessandro VenturinoPaola Perin
Sep 14, 2016·Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology : JARO·Holly A HolmanRichard D Rabbitt
May 20, 2017·Journal of Anatomy·Anne Le MaîtreMichel Brunet
Aug 22, 2017·Frontiers in Physiology·Miranda A MathewsAndrew J Murray
Oct 6, 2017·Journal of Neurophysiology·Lauren A PoppiAlan M Brichta
Dec 20, 2018·Journal of Neurophysiology·R D Rabbitt
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Jul 2, 2020·Journal of Neurophysiology·Zhou YuElisabeth Glowatzki
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Nov 23, 2017·Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience·Nikolay AseyevPavel M Balaban
Oct 7, 2020·Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease·Vasiliki Tsata, Dimitris Beis

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