Mechanical but not painful electrical stimuli trigger TNF alpha release in human skin

Experimental Neurology
T EberleFrank Birklein

Abstract

Pro-inflammatory cytokines-in particular tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-play an important role in pain and hyperalgesia. The stimuli inducing TNF-alpha release in humans and the time course of this release are largely unknown. We performed dermal microdialysis in healthy subjects (n=36) during three experimental conditions: The first condition (control) was microdialysis without stimulation, the second condition was 30 min of electrical current stimulation (1 Hz, 20 mA, moderately painful), the third condition was 30 min of repetitive mechanical stimulation via an impact stimulator (bullet 0.5 g; velocity 11 m/s, minimally painful). TNF-alpha was quantified in the samples collected at the end of the baseline perfusion (about 1 h of saline perfusion), at the end of stimulation period (exactly 30 min after stimulation commenced) and at the end of the experiment (exactly 90 min after stimulation commenced) using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The C-fiber-related flare was quantified with a laser-Doppler imager. ANOVA revealed that TNF-alpha levels increased during the eluate sampling period. At 90 min TNF-alpha in the eluate of the mechanical stimulation condition was significantly increased as compared to elec...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 29, 2013·Autoimmunity Reviews·A T Borchers, M E Gershwin
Jan 8, 2016·Journal of Controlled Release : Official Journal of the Controlled Release Society·Xin ZhaoStephanie J Hanna
Aug 19, 2015·Tumour Biology : the Journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine·Iuliana NenuIoana Baldea
Jul 17, 2012·The Journal of Pain : Official Journal of the American Pain Society·Diana E van RooijenArn M J M van den Maagdenberg
Jan 30, 2010·Experimental Neurology·Peter D Drummond
Jan 7, 2016·Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy : Official Publication of the European Society for Laser Dermatology·Leah R Strickland, Sherry S Collawn
May 20, 2016·Journal of Controlled Release : Official Journal of the Controlled Release Society·Franciska ErdőYukio Kato
Sep 28, 2016·Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences·Satyawan B JadhavHartmut Derendorf
Aug 21, 2018·Molecular Pain·J David ClarkWade S Kingery

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