Mechanical Forces and Their Effect on the Ribosome and Protein Translation Machinery.

Cells
Lisa J SimpsonEllie Tzima

Abstract

Mechanical forces acting on biological systems, at both the macroscopic and microscopic levels, play an important part in shaping cellular phenotypes. There is a growing realization that biomolecules that respond to force directly applied to them, or via mechano-sensitive signalling pathways, can produce profound changes to not only transcriptional pathways, but also in protein translation. Forces naturally occurring at the molecular level can impact the rate at which the bacterial ribosome translates messenger RNA (mRNA) transcripts and influence processes such as co-translational folding of a nascent protein as it exits the ribosome. In eukaryotes, force can also be transduced at the cellular level by the cytoskeleton, the cell's internal filamentous network. The cytoskeleton closely associates with components of the translational machinery such as ribosomes and elongation factors and, as such, is a crucial determinant of localized protein translation. In this review we will give (1) a brief overview of protein translation in bacteria and eukaryotes and then discuss (2) how mechanical forces are directly involved with ribosomes during active protein synthesis and (3) how eukaryotic ribosomes and other protein translation mach...Continue Reading

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Citations

Nov 1, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Sara De VincentiisVittoria Raffa
Jul 3, 2021·Journal of Clinical Medicine·Sardar M Z UddinStephanie Petterson
Jul 23, 2021·Journal of Molecular Biology·Denisa JansovaAndrej Susor

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
X-ray
optical tweezers
protein folding
proteins folding
proteomic profiling
electron microscopy
super resolution microscopy

Software Mentioned

SecM

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