PMID: 9431512Feb 12, 1998Paper

Mechanical remodeling of the endothelial surface and actin cytoskeleton induced by fluid flow

Microcirculation : the Official Journal of the Microcirculatory Society, Inc
R L SatcherJohn H Hartwig

Abstract

The mechanism by which cultured endothelial cells respond to shear stress is controversial. The cell surface and cytoskeleton are involved, but their roles are undefined. In this study, previously unknown changes in the surface detail and actin cytoskeleton of bovine aortic endothelial cells were identified. Actin filament content and filament number in resting and flow-oriented cells were determined by biochemical assays. The three-dimensional organization of the actin cytoskeleton in cells was defined in the confocal microscope and in the electron microscope after rapid-freezing, freeze-drying, and metal coating of detergent-permeabilized cells. Endothelial cells have smooth apical membranes in situ. However, cultured cells exhibit surface microvilli which increase the apical surface area, exposing the ruffled surface to forces from fluid flow and potentially enhancing cell interactions with blood-borne white cells. Stereoscopic micrographs show that stress fibers are integrated into a complex distributed cytoplasmic structural actin network (DCSA). This lattice is formed by actin filaments that frequently cross and connect to each other, stress fibers, and microfilaments and microtubules. The cytoskeletons of cells cultured ...Continue Reading

Citations

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