Mechanical Transmission of Citrus Viroids

Plant Disease
C J BarbosaN Duran-Vila

Abstract

Preliminary transmission assays conducted under greenhouse conditions demonstrated that Citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd), Citrus bent leaf viroid (CBLVd), Hop stunt viroid (HSVd), Citrus viroid III (CVd-III), and Citrus viroid IV (CVd-IV) can be mechanically transmitted from citron to citron (Citrus medica) by a single slash with a knife blade. The impact of mechanical transmission of viroids by pruning and harvesting operations was also demonstrated in experimental and commercial field plots. Transmission efficiency under field conditions ranged from 4% in 'Nules' clementine to 10% in 'Navelina' sweet orange and 21% in 'Verna' lemon. Transmission efficiency varied only slightly with viroid and donor hosts. The impact of viroid transmission on tree height, canopy volume, and crop harvest was minimal. When the donor host was coinfected with several viroids, the viroids were not necessarily cotransmitted. Considerations regarding viroid transmission in other climates are discussed. Measures to control viroid spread in nurseries should be mandatory in certification programs.

References

May 1, 1995·The Journal of General Virology·M I FrancisJ S Semancik
Jan 8, 1999·The Journal of General Virology·K Reanwarakorn, J S Semancik
Oct 24, 2000·Archives of Virology·X Foissac, N Duran-Vila
Mar 3, 2004·Archives of Virology·A Palacio-BielsaN Duran-Vila
Oct 24, 2008·Phytopathology·K Reanwarakorn, J S Semancik

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Citations

Jan 8, 2015·Frontiers in Plant Science·Eliezer E Goldschmidt
Mar 17, 2017·Journal of Virological Methods·Fatima OsmanGeorgios Vidalakis
Nov 14, 2021·Molecular Biology Reports·Yasir IftikharGanesan Vadamalai

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