Abstract
Heme protein toxicity, owing to generation of reactive oxygen species most likely by direct interaction between heme iron and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), may be involved in various pathologies, including atherogenesis and pigmentary acute renal failure. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of heme cytotoxicity and the effects of antioxidant therapies in an in vitro model of heme-induced low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation. Human LDLs were exposed to heme, iron (Fe), protoporphyrin (PPIX) and PPIX-Zinc (Zn) with or without H2O2. Lipid peroxidation was monitored by measurement of conjugated diene formation (at the 234-nm absorbance). The effect of various antioxidants, such as vitamin E and vitamin C, reduced glutathione (GSH), and oxidized glutathione (GSSG), mannitol and desferoxamine (DFO) was further investigated in the established in vitro model of LDL oxidation. Incubation of LDLs in the presence of heme/H2O2 induced lipid peroxidation with the optimal oxidation rate being at 5 microm heme/100 microm H2O2 doses. By contrast, incubation of LDL with H2O2, Fe, Fe/H2O2, PPIX, PPIX/H2O2, heme or PPIX-Zn did not initiate any LDL oxidation. In vitro, the vitamin E load protected native LDLs against heme/H2O2 ox...Continue Reading
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