Mechanism of pineal-specific gene expression: the role of E-box and photoreceptor conserved elements

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology
L Appelbaum, Y Gothilf

Abstract

Photoreceptor cells of the pineal gland express distinct sets of proteins dedicated to photoreception, phototransduction and to rhythmic melatonin production. This review discusses the function of key regulatory sequences and nuclear factors that determine tissue-restricted expression of photoreceptor genes, specifically, the photoreceptor conserved element (PCE) and the E-box and their cognate binding proteins. Recent research in zebrafish revealed that PCE and E-box mediate the action of OTX5 and BMAL/CLOCK, respectively. These transcription factors drive enhanced expression of serotonin-N-acetyltransferase-2 (aanat2) in the pineal gland by synergistic interaction. Extensive research of other photoreceptor-specific genes suggested that the presence of several PCEs along with additional sequence elements is required to drive enhanced tissue-specific expression of these genes. Therefore, the mechanism identified for zebrafish aanat2, or at least part of it, may apply to other photoreceptor-specific genes in zebrafish and other species.

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Citations

Oct 29, 2010·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Chao ZhangRoger D Cone
Dec 24, 2008·The Journal of Biological Chemistry·Michael J BaileyDavid C Klein
Sep 2, 2009·Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences·Pavel Vopalensky, Zbynek Kozmik
May 17, 2011·Reviews in the Neurosciences·Ruth M Colwill, Robbert Creton
Dec 24, 2013·Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part A, Molecular & Integrative Physiology·Elsbeth McStayAndrew Davie
Oct 19, 2012·Neurochemical Research·Martin F RathMorten Møller
May 5, 2009·General and Comparative Endocrinology·J FalcónM Carrillo
Mar 17, 2007·Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology·Ann HumphriesDavid A Carter
Jul 30, 2011·Journal of Neurochemistry·Louise RovsingDavid C Klein
Sep 18, 2007·Molecular Endocrinology·Shin-Ichi NishioVincent Laudet

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