PMID: 9163283Mar 1, 1997Paper

Mechanisms of action of ketamine

Der Anaesthesist
H G Kress

Abstract

Although ketamine has been in clinical use for 3 decades, the neuropharmacological basis of its analgesic, anaesthetic, sympathomimetic, and psychotomimetic effects is still a subject of controversial discussion and intensive investigational efforts. In recent years, however, new experimental approaches to its effects on the cellular and molecular level and the availability of pure ketamine enantiomers contributed substantially to the understanding of its complex neuropharmacology. This article reviews the current knowledge of ketamine effects on ligand-operated and voltage-operated transmembrane ion channels, G-protein-coupled receptors, transmitter uptake, and the NO-cGMP system in neurons. With regard to its potential clinical relevance and supposed relative role among the complex mechanisms involved in pain perception, analgesia, anaesthesia, and psychotomimesis, the contributions of recent experimental and clinical findings to the identification of major target sites of ketamine are summarised. In contrast to the uncertainty surrounding the potential role of opioid receptors, there is now considerable evidence that NMDA antagonism is a central mechanism that contributes to the amnesic, analgesic, anaesthetic, and psychotom...Continue Reading

Citations

May 8, 2003·Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia = Journal Canadien D'anesthésie·Frank WeberGhada el Saeidi
Jun 16, 2006·Der Anaesthesist·M LangeM Westphal
Jan 13, 2018·Wiener klinische Wochenschrift·Helmut TrimmelRudolf Likar
Feb 27, 2008·Pain Medicine : the Official Journal of the American Academy of Pain Medicine·Petr Cvrcek
May 8, 2001·Prehospital Emergency Care : Official Journal of the National Association of EMS Physicians and the National Association of State EMS Directors·D P DavisG M Vilke
Feb 23, 2018·Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin·Chuiliang LiuYujuan Li
Oct 4, 2006·Nature Reviews. Drug Discovery·Peter ImmingAchim Meyer
Apr 26, 2011·Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology·Luc J Teppema, Santhosh Baby

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