Mechanisms of antifreeze proteins investigated via the site-directed spin labeling technique

European Biophysics Journal : EBJ
Antonia FloresYong Ba

Abstract

The site-directed spin labeling (SDSL) technique was used to examine the antifreeze mechanisms of type-I antifreeze proteins (AFPs). The effects on the growth of seed ice crystals by the spin-label groups attached to different side chains of the AFPs were observed, and the states of water molecules surrounding the spin-label groups were probed via analyses of variable-temperature (VT) dependent electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra. The first set of experiments revealed the antifreeze activities of the spin-labeled AFPs at the microscopic level, while the second set of experiments displayed those at the molecular level. The experimental results confirmed the putative ice-binding surface (IBS) of type-I AFPs. The VT EPR spectra indicate that type-I AFPs can inhibit the nucleation of seed ice crystals down to ~ - 20 °C in their aqueous solutions. Thus, the present authors believe that AFPs protect organisms from freezing damage in two ways: (1) inhibiting the nucleation of seed ice crystals, and (2) hindering the growth of seed ice crystals once they have formed. The first mechanism should play a more significant role in protecting against freezing damage among organisms living in cold environments. The VT EPR spectra als...Continue Reading

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Citations

Dec 16, 2020·Biomolecules·Azadeh EskandariSiti Nurbaya Oslan
Mar 12, 2020·International Journal of Biological Macromolecules·Hong XiangYong Hu

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BETA
NMR

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Gaussian
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Spartn

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