PMID: 8957541Jan 1, 1996Paper

Mechanisms of beta-adrenergic receptor desensitization: from molecular biology to heart failure

Basic Research in Cardiology
M J LohseM Böhm

Abstract

beta-Adrenergic receptors are often studied as prototypes of the large family of G-protein-coupled receptors, which includes many other well-known members such as the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, but also the receptors for light, taste and olfaction. These receptors are regulated by multiple mechanisms which can affect either their function or their expression to a rapidly changing environment. The most obvious changes are effected by receptor agonists, and this process is called receptor desensitization. On the functional level, the most intriguing and important mechanism of desensitization involves the phosphorylation of beta-adrenergic and homologous receptors by specific receptor kinases, termed the G-protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs). This phosphorylation is followed by binding of arrestins to the receptors, which causes uncoupling of receptors and G-proteins and thus results in a loss of receptor function. On the expression level, there appear to be two major pathways leading to a reduction of the receptor number: degradation of the receptors themselves, or reduced receptor synthesis brought about by reduced receptor mRNA levels. Heart failure is accompanied by a markedly reduced responsiveness of the beta-ad...Continue Reading

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