Mechanisms of Cryptococcus neoformans -Mediated Host Damage

Frontiers in Immunology
Arturo CasadevallAlexandre Alanio

Abstract

Cryptococcus neoformans is not usually considered a cytotoxic fungal pathogen but there is considerable evidence that this microbe can damage host cells and tissues. In this essay, we review the evidence that C. neoformans damages host cells and note that the mechanisms involved are diverse. We consider C. neoformans-mediated host damage at the molecular, cellular, tissue, and organism level. Direct mechanisms of cytotoxicity include lytic exocytosis, organelle dysfunction, phagolysosomal membrane damage, and cytoskeletal alterations. Cytotoxicity contributes to pathogenesis by interfering with immune effector cell function and disrupting endothelial barriers thus allowing dissemination. When C. neoformans-mediated and immune-mediated host damage is sufficient to affect homeostasis, cryptococcosis occurs at the organism level.

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Citations

Sep 1, 2018·Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·Justin BeardsleyJeremy N Day
Jul 23, 2019·PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases·Hailong LiChen Ding
Sep 24, 2020·The Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology = Journal Canadien Des Maladies Infectieuses Et De La Microbiologie Médicale·Markos NegashFitsumbrhan Tajebe
Dec 21, 2018·The Analyst·Erkan MozioğluTanıl Kocagöz
Apr 17, 2020·The Journal of Clinical Investigation·Quigly DragotakesArturo Casadevall
Jun 3, 2020·The Journal of Clinical Investigation·Arielle M BryanMaurizio Del Poeta
Aug 14, 2020·Journal of Fungi·Carolina FiracativeWieland Meyer
Jan 16, 2021·Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences : CMLS·Ashley B Strickland, Meiqing Shi
Feb 13, 2021·Journal of Fungi·Charmaine RetanalJennifer Geddes-McAlister
Mar 9, 2021·Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology·Gustavo Giusiano

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
chromosomal aberrations

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