Mechanisms of neural response to gastrointestinal nutritive stimuli: the gut-brain axis

Gastroenterology
Tomokazu TsurugizawaKunio Torii

Abstract

The gut-brain axis, which transmits nutrient information from the gastrointestinal tract to the brain, is important for the detection of dietary nutrients. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging of the rat forebrain to investigate how this pathway conveys nutrient information from the gastrointestinal tract to the brain. We investigated the contribution of the vagus nerve by comparing changes of blood oxygenation level-dependent signals between 24 control rats and 22 rats that had undergone subdiaphragmatic vagotomy. Functional data were collected under alpha-chloralose anesthesia continuously 30 minutes before and 60 minutes after the start of intragastric infusion of L-glutamate or glucose. Plasma insulin, L-glutamate, and blood glucose levels were measured and compared with blood oxygenation level-dependent signals. Intragastric administration of L-glutamate or glucose induced activation in distinct forebrain regions, including the cortex, hypothalamus, and limbic areas, at different time points. Vagotomy strongly suppressed L-glutamate-induced activation in most parts of the forebrain. In contrast, vagotomy did not significantly affect brain activation induced by glucose. Instead, blood oxygenation level-dependent si...Continue Reading

Related Feeds

Blood Brain Barrier Chips

The blood brain barrier (BBB) is comprised of endothelial cells that regulate the influx and outflux of plasma concentrations. Lab-on-a-chip devices allow scientists to model diseases and mechanisms such as the passage of therapeutic antibodies across the BBB. Discover the latest research on BBB chips here.

Basal Ganglia

Basal Ganglia are a group of subcortical nuclei in the brain associated with control of voluntary motor movements, procedural and habit learning, emotion, and cognition. Here is the latest research.

Blood Brain Barrier Regulation in Health & Disease

The blood brain barrier is essential in regulating the movement of molecules and substances in and out of the brain. Disruption to the blood brain barrier and changes in permeability allow pathogens and inflammatory molecules to cross the barrier and may play a part in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. Here is the latest research in this field.

Amygdala and Midbrain Dopamine

The midbrain dopamine system is widely studied for its involvement in emotional and motivational behavior. Some of these neurons receive information from the amygdala and project throughout the cortex. When the circuit and transmission of dopamine is disrupted symptoms may present. Here is the latest research on the amygdala and midbrain dopamine.

Blood Brain Barrier

The blood brain barrier is a border that separates blood from cerebrospinal fluid. Discover the latest search on this highly selective semipermeable membrane here.

Barrel cortex

Here is the latest research on barrel cortex, a region of somatosensory and motor corticies in the brain, which are used by animals that rely on whiskers for world exploration.

Amygdala: Sensory Processes

Amygdalae, nuclei clusters located in the temporal lobe of the brain, play a role in memory, emotional responses, and decision-making. Here is the latest research on sensory processes in the amygdala.

© 2022 Meta ULC. All rights reserved