Mechanisms of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy involved in graphene oxide nanomaterial anti-osteosarcoma effect

International Journal of Nanomedicine
Zhibing TangHuilin Yang

Abstract

Graphene and its derivative graphene oxide (GO) have been implicated in a wide range of anticancer effects. The objective of this study was to systematically evaluate the toxicity and underlying mechanisms of GO on two osteosarcoma (OSA) cancer cell lines, MG-63 and K7M2 cells. MG-63 and K7M2 cells were treated by GO (0-50 µg/mL) for various time periods. Cell viability was tested by MTT and Live/Dead assays. A ROS Detection Kit based on DHE oxidative reaction was used for ROS detection. An Annexin V-FITC Apoptosis Kit was used for apoptosis detection. Dansylcadaverine (MDC) dyeing was applied for seeking unspecific autophagosomes. Western blot and Immunofluorescence analysis were used for related protein expression and location. K7M2 cells were more sensitive to GO compared with MG-63 cells. The mechanism was attributed to the different extent of the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In K7M2 cells, ROS was easily stimulated and the apoptosis pathway was subsequently activated, accompanied by elevated expression of proapoptosis proteins (such as caspase-3) and decreased expression levels of antiapoptosis proteins (such as Bcl-2). A ROS inhibitor (N-acetylcysteine) could alleviate the cytotoxic effects of GO in K7M2 c...Continue Reading

Citations

Jan 9, 2019·The Journal of Endocrinology·Jia SunHuiya Huang
Jun 18, 2019·Chemistry : a European Journal·Wen FuXue-Feng Yu
Apr 3, 2020·Archives of Toxicology·Feng XiaoliShao Longquan
Apr 18, 2019·BioMed Research International·Gaoyang ChenYang Song
Sep 26, 2020·Frontiers in Pharmacology·Zhiwen YangGuimiao Lin
Sep 5, 2020·International Journal of Nanomedicine·Ehsan HashemiAbbas Farmany
Sep 27, 2020·Materials·Karolina MatulewiczAnna Bajek
Jan 15, 2021·Biomaterials Science·Tochukwu OzulumbaSusan Sandeman
Feb 14, 2021·Materials Science & Engineering. C, Materials for Biological Applications·Mural QuadrosGunjan Verma
Mar 7, 2021·Journal of Clinical Medicine·Miguel Mateu-SanzCristina Canal
Jun 1, 2021·Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics·Supriyo BeraPinak Chakrabarti
Jul 17, 2021·Journal of Nanobiotechnology·Guangman CuiGuangyu Yao
Jan 12, 2021·ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces·Baojin MaAlberto Bianco
Sep 22, 2021·Nanotechnology·Lena GolubewaPolina Kuzhir

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
FACS
fluorescence microscopy
lipidation

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