PMID: 9429206Jan 1, 1997Paper

Mechanisms of viral clearance and persistence

Journal of Viral Hepatitis
P Borrow

Abstract

Using examples predominantly drawn from study of the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) model system, this review describes the mechanisms involved in control of virus infections by the cell-mediated immune response, and some of the different strategies viruses have evolved to evade such immune clearance so that they can persist in their hosts. The important role played by the CD8+ cytotoxic lymphocyte (CTL) response in clearance of many systemic virus infections is discussed; and it is emphasized that although CD8+ CTL are classically thought of as lymphocytes which mediate lysis of virus-infected target cells, the principal mechanism by which CD8+ T cells effect clearance of persistent and many acute virus infections via production of antiviral cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma, not via destruction of virus-producing cells. To avoid immune-mediated clearance, viruses frequently use a combination of several different strategies. These can be grouped into mechanisms for avoiding recognition by the immune response (such as establishing latent infections, replicating in immune-privileged sites, down-regulating the expression of immune recognition signals on the surface of infected cells, o...Continue Reading

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Citations

Dec 18, 2010·Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine·D D Karal-OglyV Z Agrba
May 13, 2009·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Scott N Mueller, Rafi Ahmed
Jun 15, 2005·ILAR Journal·Kenneth C McCullough, Artur Summerfield
Aug 19, 2004·Vaccine·Taff JonesDavid S Burt
Jan 27, 2010·International Reviews of Immunology·Fang Zhou

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