Mechanisms underlying the influence of oestrogen on cardiovascular physiology in women

The Journal of Physiology
Susana NovellaCarlos Hermenegildo

Abstract

Women show a lower incidence of cardiovascular diseases than age-matched men, but this benefit disappears after menopause. Oestrogen-mediated vascular actions are mainly attributed to oestradiol and exerted by oestrogen receptors (ERα, ERβ and G protein-coupled oestrogen receptor), through rapid and/or genomic mechanisms, but these effects depend on ageing and inflammation. A cardiovascular approach in women's health has arisen due to controversy regarding oestrogen's beneficial impact as reported in experimental and observational studies and large randomized trials. These can be explained, in part, by two mutually non-exclusive hypotheses. On the one hand, the timing hypothesis, which states that oestrogen-mediated benefits occur before the detrimental effects of ageing are established in the vasculature; on the other hand, ageing and/or hormonal-associated changes in ER expression that could lead to a deleterious imbalance in favour of ERβ over ERα, generally associated with higher inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. In experimental studies, oestradiol acting on ERα promotes the release of vasoactive compounds such as nitric oxide (NO) and prostacyclin, and shifts the angiotensin axis towards angiotensin 1-7 production....Continue Reading

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Citations

May 20, 2020·Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira·Adriana Aparecida Ferraz CarbonelEdmund Chada Baracat
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Aug 8, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Daniel Pérez-CremadesSusana Novella
May 17, 2021·Pharmacology & Therapeutics·Juan TamargoEva Delpón

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