Mechanotransduction and anoikis: death and the homeless cell.

Cell Cycle
Zhenyi MaLance S Terada

Abstract

Developed organs display strict spatial organization of differentiated cells which is required for proper organ function. One important device that prevents tissue disorganization is the death of cells that lose anchorage to their native matrix, a signal that indicates potential loss of proper tissue context. Termed anoikis (Greek for Homelessness), this form of cell death is a specialized form of apoptosis. Interestingly, at certain stages of development and tissue repair, cells are required to migrate in an unanchored state, suggesting that anoikis must be strictly regulated at some level. Likewise, cellular transformation is often accompanied by an inappropriate loss of anoikis and subsequent acquisition of a metastatic phenotype. Despite its importance, the molecular pathways involved in the regulation of anoikis and the proximal signals reporting loss of anchorage are poorly understood. Recent studies suggest that attachment may be reported by a mechanosensory testing of the cell's physical environment.

Citations

Oct 30, 2009·Autoimmunity·Marion HaubitzAlexander Woywodt
Aug 19, 2011·Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology·D D ChanC P Neu
Jun 8, 2018·Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia·David CarrM A Christine Pratt
Dec 9, 2020·Journal of Materials Chemistry. B, Materials for Biology and Medicine·Chun-Yi YangTzu-Wei Wang
Apr 27, 2021·Molecular Therapy. Nucleic Acids·Javid Sadri NahandHamed Mirzaei
May 28, 2021·Veterinary Pathology·Sara Francesca SantagostinoEnrico Radaelli

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Apoptosis is a specific process that leads to programmed cell death through the activation of an evolutionary conserved intracellular pathway leading to pathognomic cellular changes distinct from cellular necrosis